During a press conference, Council Member Johns stated that the advisory council appointed by Mayor Smith has been one of the least effective in recent history. When asked to support that claim, Johns pointed out that most citizens could not name any member of the advisory council.
The rationale given by Council Member Johns depends on the assumption that
a member of the advisory council who is doing a bad job is just as likely to be familiar to the public as a member of the advisory council who is doing a good job the public is not generally interested in the activities of the advisory council only council members are qualified to judge the quality of the advisory council s work the public s familiarity with the composition of the advisory council is an indication of the effectiveness of the advisory council s work the members of the advisory council were selected because each of them was already well known to the citizenry
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When college students were asked about their experiences in childhood, those who remembered their parents frequently being in pain were also those who experienced common pains, like headaches, most frequently as adults. This evidence argues that a person s childhood observations of adults in pain can make that person more susceptible to pain as an adult.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
Students who most frequently remembered that they were in pain as children were no more likely than the average student to experience common pains very frequently. Parents who were frequently in pain when their children were growing up often experience just as much pain after their children have grown up. College students are in general less susceptible to common pains, like headaches, than are older adults. Adult memories of the circumstances of childhood pain are often vivid, but adults can rarely recall the subjective experience of being in pain as a child. A person s adult recollections of childhood are likely to emphasize those memories that reflect the person s adult experiences.
