美国研究生入学考试全真题(三)-GRE模拟试题-百分百考试网

The common belief of some linguists　that each language is a perfect vehicle　for the thoughts of the nation speaking　it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the　Manchester school of economics that　supply and demand will regulate　everything for the best. Just as　economists were blind to the numerous cases in which the law of supply and　demand left actual wants unsatisfied,　so also many linguists are deaf to　those instances　in　which　the　very　nature　of　a　language　calls　forth　misunderstandings　in　everyday　conversation, and in which,　consequently, a word has to be modified　or defined in order to present the idea　intended by the speaker: He took his stick-no, not Johns, but his own. No　language is perfect, and if we admit　this truth, we must also admit that it　is not unreasonable to investigate the　relative merits of different languages or of different details in languages.The primary purpose of the passage is to　analyze an interesting feature of the　English language　refute a belief held by some linguists　show that economic theory is relevant　to linguistic study　illustrate the confusion that can result　from the improper use of language　suggest a way in which languages can be　made more nearly perfect

　　答案：(B)

　　某些语言学家的一种普遍信念是，每种语言都是一个载体，可用来完美地表达操该种语言的民族的。在某种程度上，这一语言学思想与曼彻斯特经济学派所坚信的观点如出一辙，构成了一种绝然的对等理论。该经济学派认为，供求关系制约着一切并使一切趋势于最佳状态。正如这些经济家对供求规律所造成的使实际需求不得满足的诸般实例视而不见那样，同样地，许多语言学家对下述情形也可谓是充耳不闻。在此类情形中，语言的性质本身就有可能导致日常交谈中的种种误解，因此在这种情况下，一个词语必须经过修饰或界定之后，才有可能表达说话者所意欲表述的那层涵义：“他拿了他的拐杖――不，不是约翰的，而是他自己的。”没有任何语言是尽善尽美的，假如我们承认这一真理，我们同样也必须承认，对不同语言的相对优劣，或对不同语言中的不同细节进行分析，这并非不合情理。

　　The misunderstanding presented by the　author in lines 19-20 is similar to　which of the following¡

　　I.X uses the word you to refer to　a group, but Y thinks that X is　referring to one person only.

　　II. X mistakenly uses the word　anomaly to refer to a typical　example, but Y　knows that　anomaly means exception.

　　III. X uses the word bachelor to　mean unmarried man, but Y　mistakenly thinks that bachelor　means unmarried woman.

　　I only

　　II only

　　III only

　　I and II only

　　II and III only

　　答案：(A)

　　In presenting the argument, the author　does all of the following EXCEPT

　　give an example

　　draw a conclusion

　　make a generalization

　　make a comparison

　　present a paradox

　　答案：(E)

　　Which of the following contributes to　the misunderstanding described by the　author in lines 19-20 ¡

　　It is unclear whom the speaker of　the sentence is addressing.

　　It is unclear to whom the word his　refers the first time it is used.

　　It is unclear to whom the word his　refers the second time it is used.

　　The meaning of took is ambiguous.

　　It is unclear to whom He refers.

　　答案：(B)

　　FALLACY:

　　personal philosophy

　　imaginative idea

　　unconfirmed theory

　　tentative opinion

　　valid argument

　　答案：(E)

　　谬误n.　

　　A.个人哲学

　　B. 富有想象的观点

　　C. 未被证实的观点

　　D. 尝试性的观点

　　E. 有效的论证

　　DIVULGE:

　　keep secret

　　evaluate by oneself

　　refine

　　restore

　　copy

　　答案：(A)

　　泄露v.　

　　A.保守秘密

　　B. 自己评价

　　C. 提炼（使文雅）

　　D. 恢复

　　E. 拷贝，复制

　　BOYCOTT:

　　extort

　　underwrite

　　underbid

　　stipulate

　　patronize

　　答案：(E)

　　抵制v.　

　　A.勒索

　　B. 承保，包销

　　C. 出价低于别人

　　D. 约定，规定

　　E. 惠顾（赞助）