Part B 观点与例证

Directions:
You are going to read a text about the advantages of drinking water, followed by a list of choices. Choose the most suitable one from the list A～F for each numbered subheading (1～5). There is one extra choice which you do not need to use.

Water is a fundamental part of our lives. It is easy to forget how completely we depend on it. Human survival is dependent on water-water has been ranked by experts as second only to oxygen as essential for life. The average adult body is 55 to 75% water. 2/3 of your body weight is water (40 to 50 quarts). A human embryo is more than 80% water. A newborn baby is 74% water. Everyday your body must replace 2 1/2 quarts of water. The Water you drink literally becomes you! Since such a large percentage of our bodies is water, water must obviously figure heavily in how our bodies function. We need lots of fresh water to stay healthy. Aside from aiding in digestion and absorption of food, water regulates body temperature and blood circulation, carries nutrients and oxygen to cells, and removes toxins and other wastes. This "body water" also cushions joints and protects tissues and organs, including the spinal cord, from shock and damage. Conversely, lack of water (dehydration) can be the cause of many ailments. In his book, Your Body's Many Cries for Water, Dr. Fereydoon Batmanghelidj noted that chronic dehydration may cause certain problems for the body, including hypertension, asthma, allergies, and migraine headaches.

Every process in our body occurs in a water medium. We can exist without food for 2 months or more, but we can only survive for a few days without water.

(1)Water is better than other beverages.

There is a difference between drinking pure water & beverages that contain water. Fruit juice, soft drinks, coffee, etc., may contain substances that are not healthy, & actually contradict some of the positive effects of the added water. Other Beverages also contain dehydrating agents. They may actually reduce the water reserves in the body! Drinking other beverages to the exclusion of water also causes you to lose your taste for water. This is particularly true with children as they become dependent on Sodas & juices.

(2)Water can improve people's Metabolic rate.

Water is the solvent of the body & it regulates all functions, including the activity of everything it dissolves & circulates.

(3) Water can help people in weight loss.

Water plays a major part in weight loss. Since water contains no calories, it can serve as an appetite suppressant, and helps the body metabolize stored fat, it may possibly be one of the most significant factors in losing weight. Dehydration leads to excess body fat, poor muscle tone & size, decreased digestive efficiency & organ function, increased toxicity, joint & muscle soreness, & water retention. Water works to keep muscles and skin toned.

(4) Water can benefit people's Digestive System.

Constipation(便秘) is a frequent symptom of dehydration. Increased water, along with increased fiber, will usually totally eliminate a problem.

(5) Water lubricates our joints

The cartilage(软骨) tissues found at the ends of long bones & between the vertebrae(椎骨) of the spine hold a lot of water, which serves as a lubricant during the movement of the joint. Rheumatoid(患风湿症的) joint pain frequently decreases with increased water intake & flexing exercises to bring more circulation to the joints.

[A] The digestion of solid foods depends on the presence of copious amounts of water. Acids & enzymes in the stomach break the food down into a homogenized fluid state which can pass into the intestine for the next phase of digestion. An "acid stomach" will respond to hydration. Gastritis (胃炎), duodenitis (十二指肠炎), pain from ulcers(溃疡) (as long as the ulcer is not perforated), & heartburn all decrease with increased water intake. Water eliminates toxins & waste from the body.

[B] An active, athletic person needs 2/3 ounce per pound which is 13-14.8 ounce glasses a day if you're 160 pounds. The more you exercise the more water you need. Spread out your water intake throughout the day. Do not drink more than 4 glasses within any given hour.

[C] Water is the medium for various enzymatic & chemical reactions in the body. It moves nutrients, hormones, antibodies, & oxygen through the blood stream & lymphatic system. The proteins & enzymes of the body function more efficiently in solutions of lower viscosity.

[D] Caffeinated beverages stimulate the adrenal glands(肾上腺) and act as diuretics, robbing your body of necessary water. Soft drinks contain phosphorus which can lead to depletion of bone calcium. Soda contains sodium. Fruit juices contain a lot of sugar & stimulate the pancreas. These drinks may tax the body more than they cleanse it. A 12 ounce can of regular soda contains the equivalent of 9 teaspoons of sugar and loads of empty calories.

[E] In the article "Water Bearers", (Shape magazine) Elizabeth Austin notes that "water is the single most important nutrient you take in every day. It's fat-free, cholesterol-free, low in sodium, and completely without calories." Also, drinking more water helps to reduce water retention by stimulating your kidneys. Studies have recommended that if you are overweight according to average height and weight comparison charts, you should add one glass of water to your daily requirement (of eight glasses) for every 25 pounds over your recommended weight.

[F] When the cartilage is hydrated, the two opposing surfaces glide freely, & friction damage is minimal. If the cartilage is dehydrated, the rate of "abrasive" damage is increased, resulting in joint deterioration & increased pain. The actively growing blood cells in the bone marrow take priority over the cartilage for the available water that goes through the bone structure.