Ⅰ.形容词和副词的概念及区别

形容词修饰的是名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态。形容词在句子中作定语、表语或宾语补足语。

Once a rich woman invited Martin Brown，a famous singer，to her house.

These ideas may seem strange to you.

They keep their room clean.

某些表示特征的形容词(如blind，dead，old，young，rich，poor，brave，wounded等)和定冠词连用从而名词化，可泛指一类人，在句中作主语、宾语等

The aged are well taken care of in our society.

The departed was a good teacher in our department.

副词修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词在句子中大都作状语，也有一些副词作表语和定语。本文|由职业培训教育网独家整理。 

After a while a light smoke came slowly out of the jar.

I must be off now.

I met her on my way home.

Ⅱ.形容词和副词的级

1.形容词的比较级和最高级

构成方法	原级	比较级	最高级
单音节词在词尾加-er（[E]）或-est（[ist））	high tall	higher taller	highest tallest
以字母e结尾的单音节词，只加-r或-st	large wide	larger wider	largest widest
以重读闭音节结尾的词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er或-est	thin big	thinner bigger	thinnest biggest
以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先把y变成i，再加- er或-est	happy	happier	happiest
少数以-er，-ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾也加-er和-est或-r和-st	clever low able	cleverer lower abler	cleverest lowest ablest
多数双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more和most	difficult beautiful	more difficult more beautiful	most difficult most beautiful

(1)形容词比较级用法

I thought he was actually poorer than he really was.

It is better to be silent than to speak.

Reading is easier than speaking.

(2)形容词最高级用法

John is the oldest (youngest，strongest，weakest，smallest，cleverest) boy in the class.

Peter is the fattest (thinnest，biggest) boy on the team.

She is the liveliest (happiest，heaviest，ugliest，friendliest，healthiest，hungriest，prettiest，sleepiest) of us all.

2.副词的比较级和最高级

You can jump much higher on the moon than on the earth.

She writes (the) most carefully of the three.

3.形容词和副词比较等级的不规则变化

原级	比较级	最高级
good well	better	best
bad（ly） ill	worse[wE:s ]	worst[wE:st]
many much	more	most
little	less	least
far	farther further	farthest furthest
old	older elder	o1dest eldest

4.比较级的一些特殊的和其他的用法

原级	比较级	最高级
old	older较老，较旧（说明人的年纪大或事物的年代的久远） elder较年长（多用来区别人与人之间的长幼）	oldest最老，最旧 eldest最年长
late	later较迟，后来（指时间） latter后者（和“前者”对比，指顺序）	latest最近（指时间） last最后（指顺序）
far	farther较远 further较远，进一步	farthest最远 furthest最远（常用于引申意义，表示“更进一步的”，“深一层的”。）

有些形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种不同形式，它们在意义上也有所不同：

the former 前者

the latter 后者

◆ 在形容词和副词的比较级前，有时可以用much，a little，still，far，by far，even，no，any，a great deal等状语词来修饰，表示“更……”、“……得多”等程度意义。例如：

This is taking a little more time than we thought.

He's far behind me.

The Pacific is by far the largest ocean and covers almost half of the total ocean area.

◆ 表示甲与乙在某一方面程度相同时，用“as+形容词(副词)原级+as”的句型。

…as…as

…more…than

(1)两个as之间要用形容词或副词的原形：

He is as tall as his brother.

He runs as fast as his brother.

They produce waste gases almost as harmful as the gases from factories.

(2)第二个as和其后的比较对象较远，出现了第二层比较级，如：

John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.

Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often as good as or better than an actual performance.

(3)as…as之间不止一个形容词，如：

Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be as attractive and comfortable as possible.

It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished.

(4)在形容词后出现附带成分，如as…to do…as to do…:

Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building.

(5)不同的喻体

He is as strong as a horse.

He is as mad as March hare.

He is as wet as a drowned rat.

He is as poor as church mouse.

He is as stubborn as a mule.

The twin sisters are as like as two peas.

(6)as…as用于表示倍数的句型

(1)倍数n+as…as

在as…as前加上twice, three times等可以表示倍数。

He is twice as old as she.

There are three times as many people as we expected.

This one is prettier, but it cost twice as much as the other one.

倍数n+比较级+than

比较：

This box is four times as heavy as that one.

This box is four times heavier than that one.

Smokers had death rate almost two and half times higher than the death rate among those who did not smoke.

◆ 可用“…times+形容词(副词)比较级形式+than…”表示“比…多(大、重、长……)……倍”。本文|由职业培训教育网独家整理。

Give me three times more than Antonio borrowed from me.

He is twice my age.

The output of plastic for 1977 was twice over that for 1979.

The output of paper has more than doubled.

The nation's grain output in l986 was 3.4 times that of l984.

The output of cotton has increased three times as against l986.

The output of oil was more than 2.5 times greater.

◆ 可用“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。

But she looked at me and cried harder and harder.

◆ 可用“the+比较级+the+比较级”来表示“越……就越……”。例如：

They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was，the slower the dance was.

Ⅲ.职称英语测试点

1)This was 31 percent more than the farmer had received in 1959.

31 percent more than：多百分之三十一

2)The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9.

The highest scale：最高值/级

3)The more easily goods can be brought over the distance, the better for trade.

The more easily…the better for trade：越容易…越适合贸易

4)In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago.

twice as many as there were 25 years ago：是25年前的2倍

5)Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation.

more than 25 million：两千五百多万人

6)Spain’s long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else.

more people than anywhere else：比其他任何地方的人多

7)Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth.

one of the most polluted seas：污染最严重的海洋之一

8)Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

the least stable：最不稳定

much—more—most

little—less—least

9)Black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites.

more likely to die of cancer than whites：比白人更有可能死于癌症

10)However, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries.

much higher：高得多

11)That’s nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built.

50 percent longer than：长一半

12)Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected.

higher death rate…than：比…死亡风险高

less affected：受到的影响要少

13)The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions

twice as many elephants as：是现有大象的两倍

14)In a number of countries people pay as much for water in their homes as they do for electricity.

as much for water in their homes as they do for electricity：水费和电费是一样的多。