1.(the)author(s)/ (the)writer(s)
2.other works/ the other works/ others works/ other/ the other
3.(the)literary trend(s)/ literature trend(s)/ literary tendency/ literature tendency/ common(shared) meaning(s) in (a) particular tradition common meaning literature tradition
4. grammar/ image(s)/diction/ use of image(s)
5. cultural code(s)/ culture code(s)
Literary tradition/ cultural/ culture/ code(s)/ cultural tradition
6. cultural/ culture
7. (the) reader(s)
8. social
9. reader competency/ reader(’s) competence competency/ competence/ competent reader
10. social system(s)/ social structure(s)/ literary traditions/ political influence(s)/ cultural influence(s)/ personal influence(s)
Part Ⅳ. Proofreading and Error Correction
1. agreeing --------agreed
2. ∧words----------these/those words
3. in the disposal --------at the disposal
4. enables--------enable
5. delete “the” before “other English speakers”
6. old------ older
7. seen ------ perceived, understood, comprehended
8. delete “it” before “for granted”
9. And ----- Yet; However
10. ∧most ------ the most striking
Translation
Section A Chinese to English
参考译文
Since ancient times the Chinese nationalities have never considered human beings to be superior to every other species. As is reflected in Chinese philosophy, literature and art, in the natural world human beings occupy a positioning proportion to all other creatures and the former do not absolutely dominate the latter. Therefore, generally speaking, we Chinese feel depressed less often and less severely than people in the west, for the intensity of one’s depression literally changes along with the magnitude of one’s desire and ambition. As people in an agricultural society enjoy much fewer comforts than those in an industrial society, they have fewer desires or wishes. Besides, ancient Chinese always took it as their most fundamental philosophy of life that one should not merely be confined to material pursuits, or be kept in bondage by material things. It is quite true that there are misers in China. But Chinese misers prove less miserly and less ambitious when they are compared with those misers and careerists described by Moliai and Balzac. Being very mild-tempered, most of the ethnic groups in China live a simple life without worldly desires. In comparison with western people, the Chinese people are easily satisfied.