Ⅰ.名词在句子中所作的成分有：
1.主语 The boy is writing.
2.动词宾语 They are writing letters.
3.表语 The letter is an invitation.
4.宾语补语 He made the letter an invitation.
5.间接宾语 Who sent Ms. Wang this letter?
6.同位语 The letter is for Ms. Wang, his colleague.
7.介词宾语 The letter is for his colleague.
8.定语 He is a customs officer.
9.状语 Wait a moment.
Ⅱ.名词的种类可从两个方面划分：
根据词汇意义，可分为普通名词和专有名词。从是否可以计数的角度来看，英语名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单、复数之分。单数名词变为复数形式时，又有规则和不规则之分。本文|由职业培训教育网独家整理。
1、规则复数形式
规则复数形式有以下几种情况：
(1)一般在词尾加s：
flowers,sisters, machines,months
(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词加es
buses,boxes,watches,dishes;
(3)以“辅音+y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加es
countries,factories,stories;
(4)以-f或-fe结尾的词，通常变f为v，再加-(e)s
knives,shelves,lives;
(5)以辅音字母加o结尾的，加es。
tomatoes,potatoes,heroes。
2、不规则复数形式
凡不是以加-s、-es构成复数形式的名词，称不规则复数名词。
常见的不规则复数名词主要有：
man─men woman─women
child─children ox─oxen
foot─feet tooth─teeth
mouse─mice goose─geese
phenomenon─phenomena thesis─theses
analysis─analyses crisis─crises
basis─bases bacterium-bacteria
deer─deer means─means
aircraft─aircraft species─species
series─series sheep─sheep
3、常用复数形式的名词
有些名词经常以复数的形式出现，包括以下两种情况：
a.由两部分组成一个物体的名词。如：
服装：pants,pajamas,jeans,trousers;
器具：glasses,scales,pliers,tweezers。
b.其他名词: goods,spirits,stairs,wages,greens,suburbs。
名词的可数或不可数并不是一成不变的，在一定条件下可以相互转化。
There are few lambs in the zoo. / Would you like some lamb or pork?
They grow their own carrots. / Good stew (炖菜) must contain carrot.
Beer is refreshing in summer. / They had two beers.
Rich men live in luxury. / A refrigerator is a luxury here.
不可数名词的个体化
a piece of paper
a piece of news
two tons of steel
a flash of light
a drop of water
three cakes of soap
a tube of toothpaste
a spoonful of sugar
a pair of glasses
Ⅲ.英语名词有两种属格：'s属格和of-属格。如：
1、's属格的形式
(1)baby’s, horse’s;
(2)freshmen’s，firemen’s;
(3)teachers’，theSmiths’;
(4)Mr.Jones’。
2、-'s属格的使用
(1)thehorse’smouth，themanager’soffice，women’sclothes
(2)theschool’senrollment,thegovernment’s property,Europe’sfuture
(3)thetrain’sheatingsystem,theship’sbell
(4)theearth’ssurface,aday’swork,two hours’drive,eightdollars’worth,apound’sweight
(5)thebarber’s,thetailor’s, St. Peter’s , the baker’s, the dentist’s, the Smith’s
3、of-属格的使用
用于无生命的东西，表示所有关系，如：
the end of the road
the top of the shelf
the sale of the house
The city of New Castle lies at the mouth of the New Castle River.
Ⅳ.主谓一致
在句子中，谓语动词必须在人称和数的方面与主语保持一致。但有些情况特殊：
1、主语是复数形式，谓语却用单数。
(1)意义上为单数者
The news is inspiring.
Physics is one of the most difficult subjects for me.
Measles is sometimes very serious.
(2)数词+重量、里程、时间构成的复数名词
Forty miles is quite a distance.
Twenty years has passed since we last met in Beijing.
2. 主语是单数，谓语用复数
(1)具有复数意义的名词
The police are making inquiries about the murder.
The Chinese people are living better life.
(2)某些集体名词做主语时，既可以当单数也可以当复数
The committee is made up of 15 members. / The committee were divided into 3 groups.
The family is going to move. /My family are all fond of