三、2009年主要任务
III. Major Tasks for 2009
今年的政府工作，要以应对国际金融危机、促进经济平稳较快发展为主线，统筹兼顾，突出重点，全面实施促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。
大规模增加政府投资，实施总额4万亿元的两年投资计划，其中中央政府拟新增1.18万亿元，实行结构性减税，扩大国内需求；大范围实施调整振兴产业规划，提高国民经济整体竞争力。大力推进自主创新，加强科技支撑，增强发展后劲；大幅度提高社会保障水平，扩大城乡就业，促进社会事业发展。以实施一揽子计划为重点，今年要着力抓好以下七方面工作：
This year, our government work will give high priority to dealing with the global financial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development. We will take a coordinated approach, stress key areas, and fully implement a package plan to ensure steady and rapid economic development. We will dramatically increase government investment by launching a four trillion yuan two-year investment plan, for which the central government has pledged 1.18 trillion yuan, and implement a structural tax reduction in order to stimulate domestic demand. We will also implement a massive plan to adjust and reinvigorate industries to raise the overall competitiveness of the economy; vigorously promote independent innovation and provide scientific and technological support to increase the sustaining power of development; and significantly increase social security benefits, expand urban and rural employment and promote development of social programs. To implement this package plan, we will concentrate our efforts on the following seven areas.
（一）加强和改善宏观调控，保持经济平稳较快发展
1. Improving and strengthening macro control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development
要坚持灵活审慎的调控方针，提高宏观调控的应变能力和实际效果，尽快扭转经济增速下滑趋势，保持经济平稳较快发展。
We need to adhere to a flexible and prudent control policy to make our macro control more responsive to changes and more results-oriented. We will reverse the slowdown in economic growth as soon as possible and maintain steady and rapid economic development.
实施积极的财政政策。
We will implement a proactive fiscal policy.
一是大幅度增加政府支出，这是扩大内需最主动、最直接、最有效的措施。今年财政收支紧张的矛盾十分突出。一方面，经济增速放缓、减轻企业和居民税负必然会使财政收入增速下降；另一方面，为刺激经济增长、改善民生和深化改革，又需要大幅度增加投资和政府支出。
为弥补财政减收增支形成的缺口，拟安排中央财政赤字7500亿元，比上年增加5700亿元，同时国务院同意地方发行2000亿元债券，由财政部代理发行，列入省级预算管理。全国财政赤字合计9500亿元，占国内生产总值比重在3%以内，虽然当年赤字增加较多，但由于前几年连续减少赤字，发债空间较大，累计国债余额占国内生产总值比重20%左右，这是我国综合国力可以承受的，总体上也是安全的。
First, we will significantly increase government spending. This is the most active, direct and efficient way we can expand domestic demand. There will be a large discrepancy between government revenues and expenditures this year. On the one hand, a slowdown in economic growth and the reduction of tax burdens on enterprises and individuals will inevitably slow the growth of government revenues. On the other hand, we must significantly increase investment and government expenditures to stimulate economic growth, improve people's lives and deepen reform. To cover the shortfall arising from the decline in government revenues and growth in expenditures, we have set this year's central government deficit at 750 billion yuan, 570 billion yuan more than last year. In addition, the State Council will allow local governments to issue 200 billion yuan worth of government bonds through the Ministry of Finance, which will go into provincial budgets. These will add up to a 950 billion yuan deficit, accounting for less than 3% of the GDP. Although the deficit will increase significantly this year, the constant drop in government deficits in previous years provides room to issue more bonds this year, and the ratio of the cumulative balance of outstanding government bonds to GDP, which is around 20%, is within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear and is therefore safe.
二是实行结构性减税和推进税费改革。采取减税、退税或抵免税等多种方式减轻企业和居民税负，促进企业投资和居民消费，增强微观经济活力。初步测算，今年全面实施增值税转型，落实已出台的中小企业、房地产和证券交易相关税收优惠以及出口退税等方面政策，加上取消和停征100项行政事业性收费，可减轻企业和居民负担约5000亿元。
Second, we will carry out structural tax reduction and promote reform of taxes and fees. We will reduce tax burdens on enterprises and individuals by a variety of means such as tax cuts, rebates and exemptions to encourage enterprise investment and consumer spending and invigorate the micro-economy. Preliminary calculations indicate that the burdens on enterprises and individuals will fall by approximately 500 billion yuan this year as the result of comprehensively carrying out VAT reform; implementing existing preferential tax policies on small and medium-sized enterprises, the real estate industry and securities transactions and export rebate policies; and rescinding or suspending 100 administrative charges.
三是优化财政支出结构。继续加大对重点领域投入，严格控制一般性开支，努力降低行政成本。
Third, we will optimize the structure of government expenditures. We will continue to increase investment in key areas, strictly control regular expenditures, and do everything we can to reduce administrative costs.
实施适度宽松的货币政策。货币政策要在促进经济增长方面发挥更加积极的作用。
We will follow a moderately easy monetary policy and give monetary policy a more active role to play in promoting economic growth.
一是改善金融调控。保证货币信贷总量满足经济发展需求，广义货币增长17%左右，新增贷款5万亿元以上。
First, we will improve financial control. We will increase the broad money supply by about 17% and grant over five trillion yuan in additional loans to ensure that the supply of money and credit meets the requirements of economic development.
二是优化信贷结构。加强对信贷投向的监测和指导，加大对“三农”、中小企业等薄弱环节的金融支持，切实解决一些企业融资难问题。严格控制对高耗能、高污染和产能过剩行业企业的贷款。
Second, we will improve the credit structure. We will strengthen monitoring and guidance of the flow of credit, increase financial support for weak links such as agriculture, rural areas and farmers as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, and effectively resolve the problem some businesses have in getting financing. We will strictly control lending to industries and enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting or have excess production capacity.
三是进一步理顺货币政策传导机制，保证资金渠道畅通。充分发挥各类金融机构的优势和特点，创新和改进金融服务，满足合理资金需求，形成金融促进经济发展的合力。
Third, we will improve the mechanism for transmitting monetary policy and guarantee the smooth flow of funds. We will make full use of the advantages and special features of all kinds of financial institutions, innovate and improve financial services, satisfy reasonable requests for financing, and create a synergy for finance to promote economic development.
四是加强和改进金融监管。各类金融企业都要加强风险管理，增强抵御风险能力。处理好金融创新、金融开放与金融监管的关系。加强跨境资本流动监测和管理，维护金融稳定和安全。
Fourth, we will strengthen and improve financial oversight and supervision. All kinds of financial enterprises need to strengthen risk management and become better able to withstand risks. We will ensure that there is a proper balance between innovation, opening up, and oversight and supervision in the financial sector. We will strengthen monitoring and supervision of cross-border capital flows and maintain financial stability and security.
要加强产业、贸易、土地、投资、就业政策与财政、货币政策的一致性和协调性，形成调控合力。
We need to make our fiscal and monetary policies more consistent and coordinated with our industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies to create a control synergy.
（二）积极扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，增强内需对经济增长的拉动作用
2. Actively boosting domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and strengthening the role of domestic demand in driving economic growth
一是扩大消费尤其是居民消费。继续调整收入分配格局，提高劳动报酬占国民收入的比重，增加政府支出用于改善民生、扩大消费的比重，增加对城镇低收入群众和农民的补贴。
要培育消费热点，拓展消费空间。完善汽车消费政策，加快发展二手车市场和汽车租赁市场，引导和促进汽车合理消费。大力发展社区商业、物业、家政等便民消费，加快发展旅游休闲消费，扩大文化娱乐、体育健身等服务消费，积极发展网络动漫等新型消费。完善消费政策，优化消费环境。
加快建设“万村千乡”市场工程，推进连锁经营向农村延伸。要加强城乡消费设施和服务体系建设，规范市场秩序，维护消费者合法权益。抓紧研究出台鼓励消费的政策措施，积极发展消费信贷。做好“家电下乡”、“农机下乡”、“汽车、摩托车下乡”等工作，把中央财政的400亿元补贴资金用好用活，使企业增加销售、农民得到实惠。
First, we will expand consumption, especially individual consumption. We will continue to adjust income distribution, raise the proportion of the national income that goes to wages, increase the proportion of government spending dedicated to improving people's lives and expanding consumption, and increase subsidies to farmers and low-income urban residents. We need to cultivate areas of high consumer demand and expand consumption in new areas. We will improve the policy on automobile consumption, accelerate development of markets for second-hand cars and car rental, and guide and promote rational spending on automobiles. We will vigorously expand consumption that makes people's lives easier, such as community-based businesses, property management and household services; accelerate development of tourism and leisure consumption; increase consumption in culture, recreation, sports and fitness services; and vigorously expand consumption in new areas such as the Internet and animation. We will improve consumption policies and the consumption environment. We will accelerate the project to encourage retailers to open stores in more townships and villages, and encourage commercial chains to open more outlets in rural areas. We will intensify the development of consumption facilities and service networks in both urban and rural areas, rectify order in the market, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. We will promptly work out and introduce policies and measures to encourage consumption, and vigorously develop consumer credit. We will do all the work of implementing the programs for bringing home appliances, agricultural machinery, and automobiles and motorbikes to the countryside well, and we will make effective and flexible use of the 40 billion yuan in central government subsidies provided to get enterprises to increase their sales and enable farmers to enjoy real benefits.
二是保持投资较快增长和优化投资结构。今年中央政府投资总额9080亿元，主要用于保障性住房、教育、卫生、文化等民生工程建设，节能环保和生态建设，技术改造与科技创新，铁路、高速公路、农田水利等重点基础设施建设和地震灾后恢复重建。政府投资必须用在应对危机最关键的地方，用在经济社会发展的薄弱环节，绝不能用于一般加工工业。
要抓紧研究出台鼓励引导社会投资的优惠政策。通过发布信息、加强引导，支持社会资本投向符合国家产业政策的领域，鼓励企业增加研发和技改投资。我们的每一分钱都来自人民，必须对人民负责。所有工程建设都要坚持百年大计、质量第一，给子孙后代留下宝贵财富。
Second, we will maintain rapid growth in investment and improve the investment structure. The central government plans to invest 908 billion yuan this year. Government investment will focus on projects to improve people's lives such as those for developing low-income housing, education, heath care and culture; projects to conserve energy, protect the environment, improve the ecosystem, upgrade technologies, and make scientific and technological innovations; projects to make key infrastructure improvements, including farmland improvement and water conservancy projects, railways, and freeways; and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. We must channel government investment to areas where it best counteracts the effects of the global financial crisis and to weak areas in economic and social development, and no government investment will be made in the regular processing industries. We will promptly work out and introduce preferential policies to encourage and guide non-governmental investment. We need to support non-governmental investment in areas favored by state industrial policies and encourage enterprises to increase spending on R&D and technological upgrading through proper release of information and improved guidance. All government money comes from the people, and we must spend every penny responsibly. We will make every effort to ensure that all construction projects meet high quality standards and are built to last and be passed onto our future generations as valuable legacy.
三是促进房地产市场稳定健康发展。采取更加积极有效的政策措施，稳定市场信心和预期，稳定房地产投资，推动房地产业平稳有序发展。加快落实和完善促进保障性住房建设的政策措施，争取用三年时间，解决750万户城市低收入住房困难家庭和240万户林区、垦区、煤矿等棚户区居民的住房问题。
中央财政将加大对廉租房建设和棚户区改造的投资支持力度，适当提高中西部地区补助标准；今年拟安排430亿元，用于补助低保住房困难家庭的实物廉租房建设。选择一些有条件的地区进行试点，把部分住房公积金闲置资金补充用于经济适用住房建设。积极发展公共租赁住房。落实好支持居民购买自住性和改善性住房的信贷、税收和其他政策。对符合条件的第二套普通自住房购买者，比照执行首次贷款购买普通自住房的优惠政策；对住房转让环节营业税，按不同年限实行有区别的税收减免政策。
促进普通商品住房消费和供给，加大对中小套型、中低价位普通商品房建设的信贷支持。加快发展二手房市场和住房租赁市场。鼓励引导各地因地制宜稳定和发展房地产市场，加强住房市场分类管理。
继续整顿房地产市场秩序，规范交易行为。帮助进城农民工解决住房困难问题。扩大农村危房改造试点范围。深化城镇住房制度改革，满足居民多层次住房需求，努力实现居者有其屋的目标。
Third, we will promote the steady and healthy development of the real estate market. We will adopt even more vigorous and effective policies and measures to stabilize market confidence and expectations, keep real estate investment stable, and promote steady and orderly development of the real estate industry. We will speed up implementation and improvement of policies and measures to promote development of low-income housing projects. Wewill strive to solve the housing problems of 7.5 million low-income urban families and 2.4 million families living in shantytowns in forests, on reclaimed land and around coalmines within three years. This year, the central government will allocate 49.3 billion yuan for the construction of low-income housing to increase funding for developing low-rent housing and improving housing conditions in shantytowns, and increase housing subsidies for the central and western regions by an appropriate amount. We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas and build permanent housing for nomads in ethnic minority areas. A pilot program will be launched in selected places where conditions permit to use the idle portion of the housing accumulation fund to support development of affordable housing. We will vigorously develop public rental housing. We will effectively implement credit, tax and other policies to support people in purchasing homes and making home improvements. Individuals who meet relevant criteria and apply for bank loans to support the purchase of a second home for personal use will enjoy similar preferential lending policies that apply to the purchase of first homes. We will implement the policy to reduce or exempt the business tax on housing transfers to varying degrees based on the age of the housing. We will expand consumption and supply of ordinary commercial housing, and increase credit support for building small and medium-sized condominiums at low and medium price levels. We will speed up development of the market for second-hand homes and the home rental market. We will encourage and guide local governments to stabilize and develop their real estate market in light of local conditions, and strengthen supervision of the housing market by type. We will continue to rectify order in the real estate market, and standardize transactions. We will help rural migrant workers in cities solve their housing problems. We will deepen reform of the urban housing system to meet people's multilevel housing demand, and strive to ensure adequate housing for everyone.
四是加快推进地震灾区恢复重建。抓紧全面实施灾后恢复重建总体规划，中央财政今年再安排1300亿元灾后重建资金。加快灾区城乡居民住房恢复重建，实行维修加固与新建相结合。基本完成因灾倒塌和严重损毁农房重建任务，保证受灾群众在今年底前住进新房。
加快地震灾区学校恢复建设，确保今年底95%以上的学生都能在永久性校舍中学习。继续推进交通、通信、能源、水利等基础设施恢复重建。搞好地质灾害防治、生态修复、环境整治和灾毁耕地复耕。结合实施重点产业调整振兴规划，加快灾区产业重建与发展。继续搞好对口支援和专项援助，管好用好灾后重建资金和物资。灾后重建要加大力度，加快进度，力争在两年内基本完成原定三年的目标任务，让灾区人民早日过上更加幸福美好的生活。
Fourth, we will accelerate recovery and reconstruction of areas hit by the Wenchuan earthquake. We will promptly and fully implement the master plan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. The central government will allocate 130 billion yuan for this purpose this year. We will quickly rebuild homes for quake-affected urban and rural residents by combining repair and reinforcement of existing housing with construction of new housing. We will basically complete reconstruction of rural houses collapsed or badly damaged during the earthquake, and ensure quake-stricken residents can move into new houses by the end of this year. We will accelerate rebuilding of schools in the quake zone and ensure that more than 95% of the students whose school buildings were destroyed in the earthquake will have permanent school buildings. We will continue work to repair and rebuild infrastructure such as transportation, communications, energy and water conservancy facilities. We will effectively prevent and control geological disasters, restore the ecosystem, improve the environment, and resume cultivation of damaged arable land. We will speed up industrial rebuilding and development in the quake zone on the basis of the plan to adjust and reinvigorate key industries. We will continue to provide one-to-one assistance and special aid to the quake zone and manage and use funds, goods and materials for post-earthquake reconstruction well. We will intensify and accelerate post-earthquake reconstruction and strive to basically reach the targets in two years that had originally been set for three, so that residents of the quake zone can begin to live a happier life as soon as possible.
（三）巩固和加强农业基础地位，促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收
3. Consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy, and promoting steady development of agriculture and continuous increase in rural incomes
今年重点抓好五件事：
We will focus on the following five areas.
一是稳定发展粮食生产。切实稳定种植面积，着力提高单产，优化品种结构，推进全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。
First, we will steadily develop grain production. We will effectively keep the area planted in grain crops stable, focus on increasing the yield per unit area and optimizing the variety mix, and increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.
二是以市场需求为导向调整农业结构。支持重要紧缺农产品生产，提高农产品质量、效益和竞争力。加快实施新一轮优势农产品区域布局规划，支持优势产区发展油料等经济作物，稳定生猪生产，实施奶业振兴规划，推进畜牧水产规模化标准化健康养殖。加强重大动植物疫病防控。
Second, we will adjust the agricultural structure based on market demand. We will support the production of important agricultural products in short supply, and improve the quality, profitability and competitiveness of agricultural products. We will speed up implementation of the new plan for developing agricultural products in regions with the most suitable conditions. We will support the growing of oil bearing and other cash crops in areas with the most suitable conditions. We will stabilize hog production, implement the plan for reinvigorating the dairy industry, and promote large-scale, standardized, healthy farming practices in animal husbandry and aquaculture. We will strengthen the prevention and control of major animal and plant epidemics.
三是加强农业基础设施和农村民生工程建设。大规模开展土地整治，实行田、水、路、林综合治理，推进中低产田改造，建设高标准农田。加快大中型和重点小型病险水库除险加固进度，加强灌区改造和小型农田水利建设。到明年底，基本实现全国乡镇和东中部地区具备条件的建制村道路硬化，西部地区具备条件的建制村通公路。再解决6000万人安全饮水问题，增加500万沼气用户，继续加强农村电网、邮政通信和社会事业等基础建设。
Third, we will intensify development of agricultural infrastructure and projects designed to improve the lives of rural people. We will develop land on a large scale and comprehensively improve farmland, water supplies, roads, and forests. We will upgrade low- and medium-yield farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards. We will speed up the reinforcement of large and medium-sized reservoirs and dangerous key small reservoirs. We will further improve irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy facilities. By the end of next year, we will have basically paved the roads linking all towns and townships across the country and all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the eastern and central regions and will have completed the construction of roads connecting all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the western region. In addition, we will provide safe drinking water to another 60 million people and methane to an additional five million households. We will continue to improve rural infrastructure, including power grids, postal service, and telecommunications, and intensify development of rural social programs.
四是多渠道促进农民增收。大力发展特色现代农业，扶持农产品精深加工和销售，发展农村二三产业，加快小城镇建设，壮大县域经济。
Fourth, we will increase rural incomes in a variety of ways. We will vigorously develop modern agriculture with distinctive local features, support intensive processing and sale of agricultural products, develop rural secondary and tertiary industries, accelerate the development of small towns, and strengthen county economies.
五是加大扶贫开发力度。今年将实行新的扶贫标准，对农村低收入人口全面实施扶贫政策。新标准提高到人均1196元，扶贫对象覆盖4007万人，这标志着我国扶贫开发进入一个新阶段。要完善国家扶贫战略和政策，加大扶贫资金投入，坚持开发式扶贫，重点抓好整村推进、劳动力转移培训、产业化扶贫和移民扶贫，稳定解决扶贫对象温饱问题并努力实现脱贫致富。
Fifth, we will intensify our efforts to alleviate poverty through development. This year, a new poverty line will be adopted and all low-income rural residents will be covered by the poverty relief policy. The threshold will be increased to 1,196 yuan per person on average, and coverage will be extended to include 40.07 million recipients. This marks the beginning of a new stage in China's efforts to reduce poverty through development. We need to improve state poverty relief strategies and policies, increase funding, and steadfastly make development the basis of poverty reduction. We will give priority to eradicating poverty at the village level, training rural residents for nonagricultural employment, and reducing poverty through industrial development and relocation of residents so that the poor get the basic necessities, escape poverty, and become prosperous.
全面加强“三农”工作要采取以下措施：
We will take the following measures to comprehensively strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
一要大幅度增加农业农村投入。今年中央财政拟安排“三农”投入7161亿元，比上年增加1206亿元。大幅度增加对中西部地区农村公益性建设项目投入，取消县及县以下相关资金配套要求。支持粮食生产的政策措施向主产区倾斜，加大对产粮大县一般性转移支付、财政奖励和粮食产业建设项目的扶持力度。
First, we will greatly increase funding for agriculture and rural areas. Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers will total 716.1 billion yuan this year, a year-on-year increase of 120.6 billion yuan. We will significantly increase funding for rural public facilities in the central and western regions, and relieve governments at and below the county level of the burden of providing supporting funds for them. Greater priority will be given to major grain-producing areas in implementing the policies and measures supporting grain production. More general transfer payments and financial rewards will be provided to major grain-producing counties and greater support given to projects for industrializing grain production.
二要较大幅度提高粮食最低收购价，保持农产品价格合理水平，提高种粮农民积极性。今年小麦、稻谷最低收购价平均每斤分别提高0.11元和0.13元。适时启动主要农产品临时收储政策，增加粮食、棉花、食用植物油和猪肉储备，加强农产品市场调控。
Second, we will significantly raise minimum grain purchase prices and keep the prices of agricultural products stable at a reasonable level to encourage farmers to grow more. This year the floor price for the purchase of wheat and rice will be increased by 0.22 yuan and 0.26 yuan per kilogram on average respectively. We will apply policies in a timely fashion to temporarily purchase and stockpile major agricultural products to build up reserves of grain, cotton, edible oil and pork, and strengthen regulation of the farm products market.
三要进一步增加农业补贴。中央财政拟安排补贴资金1230亿元，比上年增加200亿元。继续增加粮食直补。加大良种补贴力度，提高补贴标准，实现水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花全覆盖，扩大油菜和大豆良种补贴范围，实施油菜油茶良种补贴。农机具购置补贴覆盖到全国所有农牧业县（场），中央财政拟安排资金130亿元，比上年增加90亿元。根据农资价格上涨幅度和农作物播种面积，及时增加农资综合补贴。
Third, we will further increase agricultural subsidies. Central government funding for these subsidies will total 123 billion yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan over last year. Direct subsidies to grain producers will continue to increase. We will increase subsidies for the use of superior seed varieties, raise subsidy levels, make subsidies available to all rice, wheat, corn and cotton growers, extend them more widely to canola and soybean farmers, and start to subsidize tea-oil tree planting. The central government will spend 13 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of nine billion yuan, on subsidies to all agricultural and pastoral counties (farms) throughout the country for purchasing agricultural machinery and tools. We will promptly increase general subsidies for agricultural supplies to coordinate with price rises and changes in the acreage planted in various crops.
四要加快新型农业社会化服务体系建设。加大农业科技投入，加强农业科技创新成果推广和服务能力建设。健全基层农业技术推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构，支持供销合作社、农民专业合作社、龙头企业等提供多种形式的生产经营服务。
Fourth, we will speed up development of a new system under which various sectors of society provide services for agriculture. We will increase spending on agricultural science and technology, intensify efforts to expand application of innovations in agricultural science and technology and become better able to provide agriculture-related technical services. We will improve public service agencies charged with promoting application of agricultural technologies, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and monitoring the quality of agricultural products at the local level. We will support supply and marketing cooperatives, specialized farmer cooperatives and pacesetting enterprises in providing diverse production and operation services.
五要稳定完善农村基本经营制度。现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变，赋予农民包括离乡农民工更加充分而有保障的土地承包经营权。土地承包经营权流转必须坚持依法自愿有偿的原则。坚持和落实最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度，严守18亿亩耕地红线不动摇。推进集体林权制度改革。深化农村综合改革。加快乡镇机构改革。积极稳妥化解乡村债务。
Fifth, we will stabilize and improve the basic rural operation system. We will ensure that existing land contract relationships remain stable and unchanged for a long time to come, and enhance and better protect the land contract and management rights enjoyed by rural residents, including migrant workers who are away from their home villages. The transfer of land use rights must occur on a compensated, voluntary basis and be conducted in accordance with the law. We will adhere to and apply the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing on the use of land, and do everything in our power to keep the total amount of arable land above the red line of 120 million hectares. Reform of the system of collective forest rights will move forward. Overall rural reform will be deepened. We will accelerate reform of town and township government departments and work actively yet prudently to ease the debts of townships and villages.
（四）加快转变发展方式，大力推进经济结构战略性调整
4. Accelerating transformation of the pattern of development and energetically promoting strategic economic restructuring
今年要围绕保增长、促升级，重点抓好工业结构调整。
This year we will focus on improving industrial restructuring in order to maintain economic growth and promote industrial upgrading.
一是认真实施汽车、钢铁、造船、石化、轻工、纺织、有色金属、装备制造、电子信息、现代物流等重点产业调整和振兴规划。着力解决这些行业发展中存在的突出矛盾和问题，推进结构调整和优化升级。
First, we will conscientiously implement plans for adjusting and invigorating key industries such as the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, petrochemical, textile, nonferrous metals, equipment manufacturing, information technology, modern logistics, and light industries. We will carry out industrial restructuring and upgrading to resolve the prominent problems and conflicts that hinder their development.
二是大力推进企业组织结构调整和兼并重组，支持优势企业并购落后企业和困难企业，鼓励强强联合和上下游一体化经营，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。
Second, we will energetically adjust the structure of enterprises and carry out mergers and reorganizations. We will support superior enterprises in acquiring ones that are backward or have financial difficulties. We will encourage well-established enterprises to work with each other, and upstream and downstream enterprises to integrate their operations in order to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.
三是采取更加有力的措施扶持中小企业发展。抓紧落实金融支持政策，健全融资担保体系，简化贷款程序，增加贷款规模。中央财政中小企业发展资金从39亿元增加到96亿元。继续实行鼓励中小企业科技创新、技术改造、增加就业的税收优惠政策。健全中小企业社会化服务体系。
Third, we will take more effective measures to support development of small and medium-sized enterprises. We will promptly implement financial support policies, improve the financing guarantee system, streamline loan procedures, and increase the scale of loans. Central government funding for supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises will increase from 3.9 billion yuan to 9.6 billion yuan. We will continue to implement preferential tax policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to make scientific and technological innovations, upgrade their technology, and create more jobs. We will improve the system under which various sectors of society provide services for small and medium-sized enterprises.
四是积极支持企业加快技术改造，建设创新型企业。中央财政拟安排200亿元专项资金，主要用贴息方式支持企业技术改造。鼓励企业应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，适应市场变化，开发适销对路产品，推进产品创新，提高产品质量和生产经营水平。
Fourth, we will actively support enterprises in accelerating technological upgrading and develop innovation-based enterprises. The central government will allocate 20 billion yuan, mainly in interest subsidies, to support technological upgrading in enterprises. We will encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new production processes, new equipment and new materials so that they can adapt to market changes, develop more readily marketable products, undertake product innovation, and improve their product quality and the level of production and business operations.
五是加快发展现代服务业。促进金融保险、现代物流、信息咨询、软件和创意产业发展，拓展新兴服务领域。提升传统服务业。
Fifth, we will accelerate development of modern service industries. We will promote development of the banking, insurance, modern logistics, consulting, software and creative industries, and develop new types of services. We will upgrade traditional service industries.
大力推进科技创新。科技创新要与扩内需、促增长，调结构、上水平紧密结合起来。今年中央财政科技投入1461亿元，增长25.6%。
We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation. We will integrate making technological innovation with boosting domestic demand, maintaining economic growth, making structural adjustments and raising the level of development. This year the central government will allocate 146.1 billion yuan to the science and technology sector, up 25.6% from last year.
一要加快实施国家中长期科技发展规划纲要，特别是科技重大专项。选择一些带动力强、影响面大、见效快的项目抓紧开展工作，争取尽快突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，带动产业转型和技术升级，支撑产业振兴和经济长远发展。
First, we need to speed up implementation of the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, particularly, implementation of major science and technology projects. We will select and launch a number of projects that give strong impetus to scientific and technological development, have a widespread impact, and yield quick results, in order to quickly make breakthroughs in core and key generic technologies that can stimulate the transformation of industries and technological upgrading, and support invigoration of industries and long-term economic development.
二要深化科技体制改革，发挥企业在技术创新中的主体作用。动员更多科技人员投身经济建设第一线，推广技术、研发产品、创办科技型企业。推进产学研结合，加快科技成果向现实生产力转化。
Second, we need to deepen reform of the science and technology management system. We will get enterprises to play a key role in technological innovation, and encourage more scientists and engineers to work on the frontlines of economic development spreading technologies, doing product R&D, and starting technology based enterprises. We will get enterprises, universities, and research institutes to work more closely together to accelerate the application of scientific and technological advances in production.
三要做强做大装备制造业。落实自主研发重大装备国内依托工程和政府采购制度，着力发展重大成套设备、高技术装备和高技术产业所需装备，提高装备制造业集成创新和国产化水平。
Third, we will make the equipment manufacturing industry stronger and larger. We will implement the project to increase self-sufficiency in doing R&D on manufacturing major equipment and implement a related system of government procurement. We will vigorously develop manufacturing of complete sets of major equipment, high-tech equipment and equipment needed in high-tech industries, raise the level of integrated innovation and make greater use of domestic components in the equipment manufacturing industry.
四要支持和推进新能源、生物、医药、第三代移动通信、三网融合、节能环保等技术研发和产业化，发展高新技术产业群，创造新的社会需求。
Fourth, we will support and promote R&D on technologies in new energy sources, biology, medicine, third generation mobile communications, the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet, energy conservation and environmental protection, and their industrial application. We will develop clusters of new- and high-tech industries, and create new areas of demand in society.
五要继续实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略和知识产权战略。继续推进国家创新体系建设，加强基础科学和前沿技术研究，加快重大科技基础设施和公用平台建设。积极引进海外高层次人才和智力，加强各类人才队伍建设。提高知识产权创造、运用、保护和管理水平。
Fifth, we will continue to implement the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through human resources development and the intellectual property rights strategy. We will continue to develop the national innovation system, intensify basic research and research in leading-edge technologies, and accelerate development of major infrastructure facilities and public platforms for science and technology. We will work vigorously to bring in high-caliber personnel and intellectual resources from overseas and intensify the training of all types of personnel. We will become better able to create, utilize, protect and manage intellectual property rights.
毫不松懈地加强节能减排和生态环保工作。
We will work tirelessly to save energy, reduce emissions, preserve the ecosystems, and protect the environment.
一是突出抓好工业、交通、建筑三大领域节能，继续推进十大重点节能工程建设，落实电机、锅炉、汽车、空调、照明等方面的节能措施。
First, we will emphasize energy conservation in the three key areas of industry, transportation and construction; continue work on the ten major energy conservation projects; and implement energy-conserving measures for power generators, boilers, automobiles, air-conditioners and lighting products.
二是大力发展循环经济和清洁能源。坚持节能节水节地。积极发展核电、风电、太阳能发电等清洁能源。推进洁净煤技术产业化。严格执行能耗和环保国家标准，加大节能技术和产品推广应用力度，加强资源综合利用。
Second, we will energetically develop a circular economy and clean energy. We will steadfastly save energy, water and land. We will vigorously develop clean energy such as nuclear, hydraulic, wind, and solar power. We will promote the adaptation of clean coal technology for industrial application. We will strictly enforce national standards for energy consumption and environmental protection, increase the use of energy-conserving technologies and products, and promote comprehensive utilization of resources.
三是健全节能环保各项政策，按照节能减排指标体系、考核体系、监测体系，狠抓落实。
Third, we will improve our policies for conserving energy and protecting the environment, and strictly enforce the system of standards, assessment system and monitoring system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.
四是开展全民节能减排行动，国家机关、公共企事业单位要发挥表率作用。
Fourth, we will launch a nationwide campaign on the importance of energy conservation and emissions reduction, in which state organs and government-affiliated enterprises and institutions need to play an exemplary role.
五是继续强化重点流域、区域污染防治，加强石漠化、荒漠化治理，实施重点防护林、天然林保护和京津风沙源治理等生态建设工程，保护水、森林、草原、湿地等生态环境。推进农村环境综合整治。整顿规范矿产资源开发秩序。合理开发利用海洋资源。
Fifth, we will continue to intensify pollution prevention and control in key river valleys and regions; control the spread of stony deserts and desertification; carry out ecological conservation projects to build key forest shelterbelts, protect virgin forests, and bring the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin under control; and protect water, forests, grasslands, wetlands and other elements of the ecosystems. We will comprehensively improve the rural environment. We will rectify and standardize order in the exploitation of mineral resources and develop and use marine resources wisely.
六是实施应对气候变化国家方案，提高应对气候变化能力。加强气象、地震、防灾减灾、测绘基础研究和能力建设。
Sixth, we will implement the national plan for addressing climate change and become better able to respond to it. We will intensify basic research in meteorology, earthquake science, disaster prevention and mitigation, and surveying and mapping and strengthen these areas.
全面提高产品质量和安全生产水平。今年要在全国开展整顿和规范市场秩序专项行动以及“质量和安全年”活动，各行各业都要加强全员、全过程、全方位质量和安全管理。进一步强化重点行业安全生产监管，坚决遏制重特大安全事故发生。深入开展食品药品安全专项整治，健全并严格执行产品质量安全标准。实行严格的市场准入制度和产品质量追溯制度、召回制度。要让人民群众买得放心、吃得安心、用得舒心。
We will comprehensively improve product quality and enhance workplace safety. This year we will launch a campaign to rectify and standardize order in the market and carry out the Quality and Safety Year campaign, which requires all industries and sectors to strengthen quality and safety supervision of all personnel and all processes in all areas. We will further tighten oversight and supervision of workplace safety in key industries and resolutely prevent serious and major accidents. We will make intensive efforts to improve food and drug safety, and improve and strictly enforce standards for product quality and safety. We will implement strict market access rules and product trace ability and recall systems so that the people buy food and drugs with confidence and consume them with satisfaction.
继续实施西部大开发、东北地区等老工业基地振兴、中部地区崛起、东部地区率先发展的区域发展总体战略，促进区域协调发展。鼓励各地从实际出发，充分发挥自身优势，在应对外部冲击中闯出发展新路。东部地区要大力开拓国际市场，稳定出口，着力发展先进制造业、现代服务业和高新技术产业，加快产业升级和体制创新，培育新的经济增长点，形成参与国际合作竞争新优势，增强更高水平上的可持续发展能力。经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区要继续当好改革开放排头兵。进一步支持中西部和东北地区加强薄弱环节，以消除瓶颈制约为重点，加大基础设施、生态建设和环境保护投资力度，新开工一批交通、水利重点工程，加快建设一批粮食、能源原材料、装备制造等优势产业基地和特色产业基地，加快重点地区优先开发，促进矿产资源枯竭型城市经济转型。抓紧研究制定中西部地区承接产业转移的具体政策。制定和实施全国主体功能区规划。大力扶持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区发展。
We will continue to implement the overall regional development strategy of promoting the large-scale development of the western region, reinvigorating northeast China and other old industrial bases, energizing development of the central region, and getting the eastern region to take the lead in development, and promote balanced development among regions. We will encourage all regions to work on the basis of local conditions, make full use of their advantages, and find a new path for development in response to the shock of external events. The eastern region needs to vigorously open up international markets, stabilize exports, and develop advanced manufacturing, modern services and new- and high-tech industries. It needs to accelerate industrial upgrading and institutional innovation, foster new areas of economic growth, create new advantages for participating in international cooperation and competition, and raise its capability for sustainable development. Special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin need to continue to take the lead in reform and opening up. We will increase support to the central and western regions and northeast China to improve their weak links in development. To remove bottlenecks in these regions, we will increase spending on infrastructure, ecological conservation and environmental protection, launch a number of key transportation and water conservancy projects, and accelerate development of a number of grain, energy, raw materials and equipment manufacturing bases that have distinctive local features and special advantages. We will accelerate development of key areas on a priority basis. We will promote the transformation of the economies of cities once dependent on now-depleted mineral resources in these regions. We will promptly formulate specific policies to encourage industries to relocate to the central and western regions, and formulate and implement a national plan for development priority zones. We will fully support the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas.
III. Major Tasks for 2009
今年的政府工作，要以应对国际金融危机、促进经济平稳较快发展为主线，统筹兼顾，突出重点，全面实施促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。
大规模增加政府投资，实施总额4万亿元的两年投资计划，其中中央政府拟新增1.18万亿元，实行结构性减税，扩大国内需求；大范围实施调整振兴产业规划，提高国民经济整体竞争力。大力推进自主创新，加强科技支撑，增强发展后劲；大幅度提高社会保障水平，扩大城乡就业，促进社会事业发展。以实施一揽子计划为重点，今年要着力抓好以下七方面工作：
This year, our government work will give high priority to dealing with the global financial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development. We will take a coordinated approach, stress key areas, and fully implement a package plan to ensure steady and rapid economic development. We will dramatically increase government investment by launching a four trillion yuan two-year investment plan, for which the central government has pledged 1.18 trillion yuan, and implement a structural tax reduction in order to stimulate domestic demand. We will also implement a massive plan to adjust and reinvigorate industries to raise the overall competitiveness of the economy; vigorously promote independent innovation and provide scientific and technological support to increase the sustaining power of development; and significantly increase social security benefits, expand urban and rural employment and promote development of social programs. To implement this package plan, we will concentrate our efforts on the following seven areas.
（一）加强和改善宏观调控，保持经济平稳较快发展
1. Improving and strengthening macro control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development
要坚持灵活审慎的调控方针，提高宏观调控的应变能力和实际效果，尽快扭转经济增速下滑趋势，保持经济平稳较快发展。
We need to adhere to a flexible and prudent control policy to make our macro control more responsive to changes and more results-oriented. We will reverse the slowdown in economic growth as soon as possible and maintain steady and rapid economic development.
实施积极的财政政策。
We will implement a proactive fiscal policy.
一是大幅度增加政府支出，这是扩大内需最主动、最直接、最有效的措施。今年财政收支紧张的矛盾十分突出。一方面，经济增速放缓、减轻企业和居民税负必然会使财政收入增速下降；另一方面，为刺激经济增长、改善民生和深化改革，又需要大幅度增加投资和政府支出。
为弥补财政减收增支形成的缺口，拟安排中央财政赤字7500亿元，比上年增加5700亿元，同时国务院同意地方发行2000亿元债券，由财政部代理发行，列入省级预算管理。全国财政赤字合计9500亿元，占国内生产总值比重在3%以内，虽然当年赤字增加较多，但由于前几年连续减少赤字，发债空间较大，累计国债余额占国内生产总值比重20%左右，这是我国综合国力可以承受的，总体上也是安全的。
First, we will significantly increase government spending. This is the most active, direct and efficient way we can expand domestic demand. There will be a large discrepancy between government revenues and expenditures this year. On the one hand, a slowdown in economic growth and the reduction of tax burdens on enterprises and individuals will inevitably slow the growth of government revenues. On the other hand, we must significantly increase investment and government expenditures to stimulate economic growth, improve people's lives and deepen reform. To cover the shortfall arising from the decline in government revenues and growth in expenditures, we have set this year's central government deficit at 750 billion yuan, 570 billion yuan more than last year. In addition, the State Council will allow local governments to issue 200 billion yuan worth of government bonds through the Ministry of Finance, which will go into provincial budgets. These will add up to a 950 billion yuan deficit, accounting for less than 3% of the GDP. Although the deficit will increase significantly this year, the constant drop in government deficits in previous years provides room to issue more bonds this year, and the ratio of the cumulative balance of outstanding government bonds to GDP, which is around 20%, is within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear and is therefore safe.
二是实行结构性减税和推进税费改革。采取减税、退税或抵免税等多种方式减轻企业和居民税负，促进企业投资和居民消费，增强微观经济活力。初步测算，今年全面实施增值税转型，落实已出台的中小企业、房地产和证券交易相关税收优惠以及出口退税等方面政策，加上取消和停征100项行政事业性收费，可减轻企业和居民负担约5000亿元。
Second, we will carry out structural tax reduction and promote reform of taxes and fees. We will reduce tax burdens on enterprises and individuals by a variety of means such as tax cuts, rebates and exemptions to encourage enterprise investment and consumer spending and invigorate the micro-economy. Preliminary calculations indicate that the burdens on enterprises and individuals will fall by approximately 500 billion yuan this year as the result of comprehensively carrying out VAT reform; implementing existing preferential tax policies on small and medium-sized enterprises, the real estate industry and securities transactions and export rebate policies; and rescinding or suspending 100 administrative charges.
三是优化财政支出结构。继续加大对重点领域投入，严格控制一般性开支，努力降低行政成本。
Third, we will optimize the structure of government expenditures. We will continue to increase investment in key areas, strictly control regular expenditures, and do everything we can to reduce administrative costs.
实施适度宽松的货币政策。货币政策要在促进经济增长方面发挥更加积极的作用。
We will follow a moderately easy monetary policy and give monetary policy a more active role to play in promoting economic growth.
一是改善金融调控。保证货币信贷总量满足经济发展需求，广义货币增长17%左右，新增贷款5万亿元以上。
First, we will improve financial control. We will increase the broad money supply by about 17% and grant over five trillion yuan in additional loans to ensure that the supply of money and credit meets the requirements of economic development.
二是优化信贷结构。加强对信贷投向的监测和指导，加大对“三农”、中小企业等薄弱环节的金融支持，切实解决一些企业融资难问题。严格控制对高耗能、高污染和产能过剩行业企业的贷款。
Second, we will improve the credit structure. We will strengthen monitoring and guidance of the flow of credit, increase financial support for weak links such as agriculture, rural areas and farmers as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, and effectively resolve the problem some businesses have in getting financing. We will strictly control lending to industries and enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting or have excess production capacity.
三是进一步理顺货币政策传导机制，保证资金渠道畅通。充分发挥各类金融机构的优势和特点，创新和改进金融服务，满足合理资金需求，形成金融促进经济发展的合力。
Third, we will improve the mechanism for transmitting monetary policy and guarantee the smooth flow of funds. We will make full use of the advantages and special features of all kinds of financial institutions, innovate and improve financial services, satisfy reasonable requests for financing, and create a synergy for finance to promote economic development.
四是加强和改进金融监管。各类金融企业都要加强风险管理，增强抵御风险能力。处理好金融创新、金融开放与金融监管的关系。加强跨境资本流动监测和管理，维护金融稳定和安全。
Fourth, we will strengthen and improve financial oversight and supervision. All kinds of financial enterprises need to strengthen risk management and become better able to withstand risks. We will ensure that there is a proper balance between innovation, opening up, and oversight and supervision in the financial sector. We will strengthen monitoring and supervision of cross-border capital flows and maintain financial stability and security.
要加强产业、贸易、土地、投资、就业政策与财政、货币政策的一致性和协调性，形成调控合力。
We need to make our fiscal and monetary policies more consistent and coordinated with our industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies to create a control synergy.
（二）积极扩大国内需求特别是消费需求，增强内需对经济增长的拉动作用
2. Actively boosting domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and strengthening the role of domestic demand in driving economic growth
一是扩大消费尤其是居民消费。继续调整收入分配格局，提高劳动报酬占国民收入的比重，增加政府支出用于改善民生、扩大消费的比重，增加对城镇低收入群众和农民的补贴。
要培育消费热点，拓展消费空间。完善汽车消费政策，加快发展二手车市场和汽车租赁市场，引导和促进汽车合理消费。大力发展社区商业、物业、家政等便民消费，加快发展旅游休闲消费，扩大文化娱乐、体育健身等服务消费，积极发展网络动漫等新型消费。完善消费政策，优化消费环境。
加快建设“万村千乡”市场工程，推进连锁经营向农村延伸。要加强城乡消费设施和服务体系建设，规范市场秩序，维护消费者合法权益。抓紧研究出台鼓励消费的政策措施，积极发展消费信贷。做好“家电下乡”、“农机下乡”、“汽车、摩托车下乡”等工作，把中央财政的400亿元补贴资金用好用活，使企业增加销售、农民得到实惠。
First, we will expand consumption, especially individual consumption. We will continue to adjust income distribution, raise the proportion of the national income that goes to wages, increase the proportion of government spending dedicated to improving people's lives and expanding consumption, and increase subsidies to farmers and low-income urban residents. We need to cultivate areas of high consumer demand and expand consumption in new areas. We will improve the policy on automobile consumption, accelerate development of markets for second-hand cars and car rental, and guide and promote rational spending on automobiles. We will vigorously expand consumption that makes people's lives easier, such as community-based businesses, property management and household services; accelerate development of tourism and leisure consumption; increase consumption in culture, recreation, sports and fitness services; and vigorously expand consumption in new areas such as the Internet and animation. We will improve consumption policies and the consumption environment. We will accelerate the project to encourage retailers to open stores in more townships and villages, and encourage commercial chains to open more outlets in rural areas. We will intensify the development of consumption facilities and service networks in both urban and rural areas, rectify order in the market, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. We will promptly work out and introduce policies and measures to encourage consumption, and vigorously develop consumer credit. We will do all the work of implementing the programs for bringing home appliances, agricultural machinery, and automobiles and motorbikes to the countryside well, and we will make effective and flexible use of the 40 billion yuan in central government subsidies provided to get enterprises to increase their sales and enable farmers to enjoy real benefits.
二是保持投资较快增长和优化投资结构。今年中央政府投资总额9080亿元，主要用于保障性住房、教育、卫生、文化等民生工程建设，节能环保和生态建设，技术改造与科技创新，铁路、高速公路、农田水利等重点基础设施建设和地震灾后恢复重建。政府投资必须用在应对危机最关键的地方，用在经济社会发展的薄弱环节，绝不能用于一般加工工业。
要抓紧研究出台鼓励引导社会投资的优惠政策。通过发布信息、加强引导，支持社会资本投向符合国家产业政策的领域，鼓励企业增加研发和技改投资。我们的每一分钱都来自人民，必须对人民负责。所有工程建设都要坚持百年大计、质量第一，给子孙后代留下宝贵财富。
Second, we will maintain rapid growth in investment and improve the investment structure. The central government plans to invest 908 billion yuan this year. Government investment will focus on projects to improve people's lives such as those for developing low-income housing, education, heath care and culture; projects to conserve energy, protect the environment, improve the ecosystem, upgrade technologies, and make scientific and technological innovations; projects to make key infrastructure improvements, including farmland improvement and water conservancy projects, railways, and freeways; and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. We must channel government investment to areas where it best counteracts the effects of the global financial crisis and to weak areas in economic and social development, and no government investment will be made in the regular processing industries. We will promptly work out and introduce preferential policies to encourage and guide non-governmental investment. We need to support non-governmental investment in areas favored by state industrial policies and encourage enterprises to increase spending on R&D and technological upgrading through proper release of information and improved guidance. All government money comes from the people, and we must spend every penny responsibly. We will make every effort to ensure that all construction projects meet high quality standards and are built to last and be passed onto our future generations as valuable legacy.
三是促进房地产市场稳定健康发展。采取更加积极有效的政策措施，稳定市场信心和预期，稳定房地产投资，推动房地产业平稳有序发展。加快落实和完善促进保障性住房建设的政策措施，争取用三年时间，解决750万户城市低收入住房困难家庭和240万户林区、垦区、煤矿等棚户区居民的住房问题。
中央财政将加大对廉租房建设和棚户区改造的投资支持力度，适当提高中西部地区补助标准；今年拟安排430亿元，用于补助低保住房困难家庭的实物廉租房建设。选择一些有条件的地区进行试点，把部分住房公积金闲置资金补充用于经济适用住房建设。积极发展公共租赁住房。落实好支持居民购买自住性和改善性住房的信贷、税收和其他政策。对符合条件的第二套普通自住房购买者，比照执行首次贷款购买普通自住房的优惠政策；对住房转让环节营业税，按不同年限实行有区别的税收减免政策。
促进普通商品住房消费和供给，加大对中小套型、中低价位普通商品房建设的信贷支持。加快发展二手房市场和住房租赁市场。鼓励引导各地因地制宜稳定和发展房地产市场，加强住房市场分类管理。
继续整顿房地产市场秩序，规范交易行为。帮助进城农民工解决住房困难问题。扩大农村危房改造试点范围。深化城镇住房制度改革，满足居民多层次住房需求，努力实现居者有其屋的目标。
Third, we will promote the steady and healthy development of the real estate market. We will adopt even more vigorous and effective policies and measures to stabilize market confidence and expectations, keep real estate investment stable, and promote steady and orderly development of the real estate industry. We will speed up implementation and improvement of policies and measures to promote development of low-income housing projects. Wewill strive to solve the housing problems of 7.5 million low-income urban families and 2.4 million families living in shantytowns in forests, on reclaimed land and around coalmines within three years. This year, the central government will allocate 49.3 billion yuan for the construction of low-income housing to increase funding for developing low-rent housing and improving housing conditions in shantytowns, and increase housing subsidies for the central and western regions by an appropriate amount. We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas and build permanent housing for nomads in ethnic minority areas. A pilot program will be launched in selected places where conditions permit to use the idle portion of the housing accumulation fund to support development of affordable housing. We will vigorously develop public rental housing. We will effectively implement credit, tax and other policies to support people in purchasing homes and making home improvements. Individuals who meet relevant criteria and apply for bank loans to support the purchase of a second home for personal use will enjoy similar preferential lending policies that apply to the purchase of first homes. We will implement the policy to reduce or exempt the business tax on housing transfers to varying degrees based on the age of the housing. We will expand consumption and supply of ordinary commercial housing, and increase credit support for building small and medium-sized condominiums at low and medium price levels. We will speed up development of the market for second-hand homes and the home rental market. We will encourage and guide local governments to stabilize and develop their real estate market in light of local conditions, and strengthen supervision of the housing market by type. We will continue to rectify order in the real estate market, and standardize transactions. We will help rural migrant workers in cities solve their housing problems. We will deepen reform of the urban housing system to meet people's multilevel housing demand, and strive to ensure adequate housing for everyone.
四是加快推进地震灾区恢复重建。抓紧全面实施灾后恢复重建总体规划，中央财政今年再安排1300亿元灾后重建资金。加快灾区城乡居民住房恢复重建，实行维修加固与新建相结合。基本完成因灾倒塌和严重损毁农房重建任务，保证受灾群众在今年底前住进新房。
加快地震灾区学校恢复建设，确保今年底95%以上的学生都能在永久性校舍中学习。继续推进交通、通信、能源、水利等基础设施恢复重建。搞好地质灾害防治、生态修复、环境整治和灾毁耕地复耕。结合实施重点产业调整振兴规划，加快灾区产业重建与发展。继续搞好对口支援和专项援助，管好用好灾后重建资金和物资。灾后重建要加大力度，加快进度，力争在两年内基本完成原定三年的目标任务，让灾区人民早日过上更加幸福美好的生活。
Fourth, we will accelerate recovery and reconstruction of areas hit by the Wenchuan earthquake. We will promptly and fully implement the master plan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. The central government will allocate 130 billion yuan for this purpose this year. We will quickly rebuild homes for quake-affected urban and rural residents by combining repair and reinforcement of existing housing with construction of new housing. We will basically complete reconstruction of rural houses collapsed or badly damaged during the earthquake, and ensure quake-stricken residents can move into new houses by the end of this year. We will accelerate rebuilding of schools in the quake zone and ensure that more than 95% of the students whose school buildings were destroyed in the earthquake will have permanent school buildings. We will continue work to repair and rebuild infrastructure such as transportation, communications, energy and water conservancy facilities. We will effectively prevent and control geological disasters, restore the ecosystem, improve the environment, and resume cultivation of damaged arable land. We will speed up industrial rebuilding and development in the quake zone on the basis of the plan to adjust and reinvigorate key industries. We will continue to provide one-to-one assistance and special aid to the quake zone and manage and use funds, goods and materials for post-earthquake reconstruction well. We will intensify and accelerate post-earthquake reconstruction and strive to basically reach the targets in two years that had originally been set for three, so that residents of the quake zone can begin to live a happier life as soon as possible.
（三）巩固和加强农业基础地位，促进农业稳定发展和农民持续增收
3. Consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy, and promoting steady development of agriculture and continuous increase in rural incomes
今年重点抓好五件事：
We will focus on the following five areas.
一是稳定发展粮食生产。切实稳定种植面积，着力提高单产，优化品种结构，推进全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。
First, we will steadily develop grain production. We will effectively keep the area planted in grain crops stable, focus on increasing the yield per unit area and optimizing the variety mix, and increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.
二是以市场需求为导向调整农业结构。支持重要紧缺农产品生产，提高农产品质量、效益和竞争力。加快实施新一轮优势农产品区域布局规划，支持优势产区发展油料等经济作物，稳定生猪生产，实施奶业振兴规划，推进畜牧水产规模化标准化健康养殖。加强重大动植物疫病防控。
Second, we will adjust the agricultural structure based on market demand. We will support the production of important agricultural products in short supply, and improve the quality, profitability and competitiveness of agricultural products. We will speed up implementation of the new plan for developing agricultural products in regions with the most suitable conditions. We will support the growing of oil bearing and other cash crops in areas with the most suitable conditions. We will stabilize hog production, implement the plan for reinvigorating the dairy industry, and promote large-scale, standardized, healthy farming practices in animal husbandry and aquaculture. We will strengthen the prevention and control of major animal and plant epidemics.
三是加强农业基础设施和农村民生工程建设。大规模开展土地整治，实行田、水、路、林综合治理，推进中低产田改造，建设高标准农田。加快大中型和重点小型病险水库除险加固进度，加强灌区改造和小型农田水利建设。到明年底，基本实现全国乡镇和东中部地区具备条件的建制村道路硬化，西部地区具备条件的建制村通公路。再解决6000万人安全饮水问题，增加500万沼气用户，继续加强农村电网、邮政通信和社会事业等基础建设。
Third, we will intensify development of agricultural infrastructure and projects designed to improve the lives of rural people. We will develop land on a large scale and comprehensively improve farmland, water supplies, roads, and forests. We will upgrade low- and medium-yield farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards. We will speed up the reinforcement of large and medium-sized reservoirs and dangerous key small reservoirs. We will further improve irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy facilities. By the end of next year, we will have basically paved the roads linking all towns and townships across the country and all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the eastern and central regions and will have completed the construction of roads connecting all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the western region. In addition, we will provide safe drinking water to another 60 million people and methane to an additional five million households. We will continue to improve rural infrastructure, including power grids, postal service, and telecommunications, and intensify development of rural social programs.
四是多渠道促进农民增收。大力发展特色现代农业，扶持农产品精深加工和销售，发展农村二三产业，加快小城镇建设，壮大县域经济。
Fourth, we will increase rural incomes in a variety of ways. We will vigorously develop modern agriculture with distinctive local features, support intensive processing and sale of agricultural products, develop rural secondary and tertiary industries, accelerate the development of small towns, and strengthen county economies.
五是加大扶贫开发力度。今年将实行新的扶贫标准，对农村低收入人口全面实施扶贫政策。新标准提高到人均1196元，扶贫对象覆盖4007万人，这标志着我国扶贫开发进入一个新阶段。要完善国家扶贫战略和政策，加大扶贫资金投入，坚持开发式扶贫，重点抓好整村推进、劳动力转移培训、产业化扶贫和移民扶贫，稳定解决扶贫对象温饱问题并努力实现脱贫致富。
Fifth, we will intensify our efforts to alleviate poverty through development. This year, a new poverty line will be adopted and all low-income rural residents will be covered by the poverty relief policy. The threshold will be increased to 1,196 yuan per person on average, and coverage will be extended to include 40.07 million recipients. This marks the beginning of a new stage in China's efforts to reduce poverty through development. We need to improve state poverty relief strategies and policies, increase funding, and steadfastly make development the basis of poverty reduction. We will give priority to eradicating poverty at the village level, training rural residents for nonagricultural employment, and reducing poverty through industrial development and relocation of residents so that the poor get the basic necessities, escape poverty, and become prosperous.
全面加强“三农”工作要采取以下措施：
We will take the following measures to comprehensively strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
一要大幅度增加农业农村投入。今年中央财政拟安排“三农”投入7161亿元，比上年增加1206亿元。大幅度增加对中西部地区农村公益性建设项目投入，取消县及县以下相关资金配套要求。支持粮食生产的政策措施向主产区倾斜，加大对产粮大县一般性转移支付、财政奖励和粮食产业建设项目的扶持力度。
First, we will greatly increase funding for agriculture and rural areas. Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers will total 716.1 billion yuan this year, a year-on-year increase of 120.6 billion yuan. We will significantly increase funding for rural public facilities in the central and western regions, and relieve governments at and below the county level of the burden of providing supporting funds for them. Greater priority will be given to major grain-producing areas in implementing the policies and measures supporting grain production. More general transfer payments and financial rewards will be provided to major grain-producing counties and greater support given to projects for industrializing grain production.
二要较大幅度提高粮食最低收购价，保持农产品价格合理水平，提高种粮农民积极性。今年小麦、稻谷最低收购价平均每斤分别提高0.11元和0.13元。适时启动主要农产品临时收储政策，增加粮食、棉花、食用植物油和猪肉储备，加强农产品市场调控。
Second, we will significantly raise minimum grain purchase prices and keep the prices of agricultural products stable at a reasonable level to encourage farmers to grow more. This year the floor price for the purchase of wheat and rice will be increased by 0.22 yuan and 0.26 yuan per kilogram on average respectively. We will apply policies in a timely fashion to temporarily purchase and stockpile major agricultural products to build up reserves of grain, cotton, edible oil and pork, and strengthen regulation of the farm products market.
三要进一步增加农业补贴。中央财政拟安排补贴资金1230亿元，比上年增加200亿元。继续增加粮食直补。加大良种补贴力度，提高补贴标准，实现水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花全覆盖，扩大油菜和大豆良种补贴范围，实施油菜油茶良种补贴。农机具购置补贴覆盖到全国所有农牧业县（场），中央财政拟安排资金130亿元，比上年增加90亿元。根据农资价格上涨幅度和农作物播种面积，及时增加农资综合补贴。
Third, we will further increase agricultural subsidies. Central government funding for these subsidies will total 123 billion yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan over last year. Direct subsidies to grain producers will continue to increase. We will increase subsidies for the use of superior seed varieties, raise subsidy levels, make subsidies available to all rice, wheat, corn and cotton growers, extend them more widely to canola and soybean farmers, and start to subsidize tea-oil tree planting. The central government will spend 13 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of nine billion yuan, on subsidies to all agricultural and pastoral counties (farms) throughout the country for purchasing agricultural machinery and tools. We will promptly increase general subsidies for agricultural supplies to coordinate with price rises and changes in the acreage planted in various crops.
四要加快新型农业社会化服务体系建设。加大农业科技投入，加强农业科技创新成果推广和服务能力建设。健全基层农业技术推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构，支持供销合作社、农民专业合作社、龙头企业等提供多种形式的生产经营服务。
Fourth, we will speed up development of a new system under which various sectors of society provide services for agriculture. We will increase spending on agricultural science and technology, intensify efforts to expand application of innovations in agricultural science and technology and become better able to provide agriculture-related technical services. We will improve public service agencies charged with promoting application of agricultural technologies, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and monitoring the quality of agricultural products at the local level. We will support supply and marketing cooperatives, specialized farmer cooperatives and pacesetting enterprises in providing diverse production and operation services.
五要稳定完善农村基本经营制度。现有土地承包关系要保持稳定并长久不变，赋予农民包括离乡农民工更加充分而有保障的土地承包经营权。土地承包经营权流转必须坚持依法自愿有偿的原则。坚持和落实最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度，严守18亿亩耕地红线不动摇。推进集体林权制度改革。深化农村综合改革。加快乡镇机构改革。积极稳妥化解乡村债务。
Fifth, we will stabilize and improve the basic rural operation system. We will ensure that existing land contract relationships remain stable and unchanged for a long time to come, and enhance and better protect the land contract and management rights enjoyed by rural residents, including migrant workers who are away from their home villages. The transfer of land use rights must occur on a compensated, voluntary basis and be conducted in accordance with the law. We will adhere to and apply the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing on the use of land, and do everything in our power to keep the total amount of arable land above the red line of 120 million hectares. Reform of the system of collective forest rights will move forward. Overall rural reform will be deepened. We will accelerate reform of town and township government departments and work actively yet prudently to ease the debts of townships and villages.
（四）加快转变发展方式，大力推进经济结构战略性调整
4. Accelerating transformation of the pattern of development and energetically promoting strategic economic restructuring
今年要围绕保增长、促升级，重点抓好工业结构调整。
This year we will focus on improving industrial restructuring in order to maintain economic growth and promote industrial upgrading.
一是认真实施汽车、钢铁、造船、石化、轻工、纺织、有色金属、装备制造、电子信息、现代物流等重点产业调整和振兴规划。着力解决这些行业发展中存在的突出矛盾和问题，推进结构调整和优化升级。
First, we will conscientiously implement plans for adjusting and invigorating key industries such as the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, petrochemical, textile, nonferrous metals, equipment manufacturing, information technology, modern logistics, and light industries. We will carry out industrial restructuring and upgrading to resolve the prominent problems and conflicts that hinder their development.
二是大力推进企业组织结构调整和兼并重组，支持优势企业并购落后企业和困难企业，鼓励强强联合和上下游一体化经营，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。
Second, we will energetically adjust the structure of enterprises and carry out mergers and reorganizations. We will support superior enterprises in acquiring ones that are backward or have financial difficulties. We will encourage well-established enterprises to work with each other, and upstream and downstream enterprises to integrate their operations in order to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.
三是采取更加有力的措施扶持中小企业发展。抓紧落实金融支持政策，健全融资担保体系，简化贷款程序，增加贷款规模。中央财政中小企业发展资金从39亿元增加到96亿元。继续实行鼓励中小企业科技创新、技术改造、增加就业的税收优惠政策。健全中小企业社会化服务体系。
Third, we will take more effective measures to support development of small and medium-sized enterprises. We will promptly implement financial support policies, improve the financing guarantee system, streamline loan procedures, and increase the scale of loans. Central government funding for supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises will increase from 3.9 billion yuan to 9.6 billion yuan. We will continue to implement preferential tax policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to make scientific and technological innovations, upgrade their technology, and create more jobs. We will improve the system under which various sectors of society provide services for small and medium-sized enterprises.
四是积极支持企业加快技术改造，建设创新型企业。中央财政拟安排200亿元专项资金，主要用贴息方式支持企业技术改造。鼓励企业应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，适应市场变化，开发适销对路产品，推进产品创新，提高产品质量和生产经营水平。
Fourth, we will actively support enterprises in accelerating technological upgrading and develop innovation-based enterprises. The central government will allocate 20 billion yuan, mainly in interest subsidies, to support technological upgrading in enterprises. We will encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new production processes, new equipment and new materials so that they can adapt to market changes, develop more readily marketable products, undertake product innovation, and improve their product quality and the level of production and business operations.
五是加快发展现代服务业。促进金融保险、现代物流、信息咨询、软件和创意产业发展，拓展新兴服务领域。提升传统服务业。
Fifth, we will accelerate development of modern service industries. We will promote development of the banking, insurance, modern logistics, consulting, software and creative industries, and develop new types of services. We will upgrade traditional service industries.
大力推进科技创新。科技创新要与扩内需、促增长，调结构、上水平紧密结合起来。今年中央财政科技投入1461亿元，增长25.6%。
We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation. We will integrate making technological innovation with boosting domestic demand, maintaining economic growth, making structural adjustments and raising the level of development. This year the central government will allocate 146.1 billion yuan to the science and technology sector, up 25.6% from last year.
一要加快实施国家中长期科技发展规划纲要，特别是科技重大专项。选择一些带动力强、影响面大、见效快的项目抓紧开展工作，争取尽快突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，带动产业转型和技术升级，支撑产业振兴和经济长远发展。
First, we need to speed up implementation of the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, particularly, implementation of major science and technology projects. We will select and launch a number of projects that give strong impetus to scientific and technological development, have a widespread impact, and yield quick results, in order to quickly make breakthroughs in core and key generic technologies that can stimulate the transformation of industries and technological upgrading, and support invigoration of industries and long-term economic development.
二要深化科技体制改革，发挥企业在技术创新中的主体作用。动员更多科技人员投身经济建设第一线，推广技术、研发产品、创办科技型企业。推进产学研结合，加快科技成果向现实生产力转化。
Second, we need to deepen reform of the science and technology management system. We will get enterprises to play a key role in technological innovation, and encourage more scientists and engineers to work on the frontlines of economic development spreading technologies, doing product R&D, and starting technology based enterprises. We will get enterprises, universities, and research institutes to work more closely together to accelerate the application of scientific and technological advances in production.
三要做强做大装备制造业。落实自主研发重大装备国内依托工程和政府采购制度，着力发展重大成套设备、高技术装备和高技术产业所需装备，提高装备制造业集成创新和国产化水平。
Third, we will make the equipment manufacturing industry stronger and larger. We will implement the project to increase self-sufficiency in doing R&D on manufacturing major equipment and implement a related system of government procurement. We will vigorously develop manufacturing of complete sets of major equipment, high-tech equipment and equipment needed in high-tech industries, raise the level of integrated innovation and make greater use of domestic components in the equipment manufacturing industry.
四要支持和推进新能源、生物、医药、第三代移动通信、三网融合、节能环保等技术研发和产业化，发展高新技术产业群，创造新的社会需求。
Fourth, we will support and promote R&D on technologies in new energy sources, biology, medicine, third generation mobile communications, the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet, energy conservation and environmental protection, and their industrial application. We will develop clusters of new- and high-tech industries, and create new areas of demand in society.
五要继续实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略和知识产权战略。继续推进国家创新体系建设，加强基础科学和前沿技术研究，加快重大科技基础设施和公用平台建设。积极引进海外高层次人才和智力，加强各类人才队伍建设。提高知识产权创造、运用、保护和管理水平。
Fifth, we will continue to implement the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through human resources development and the intellectual property rights strategy. We will continue to develop the national innovation system, intensify basic research and research in leading-edge technologies, and accelerate development of major infrastructure facilities and public platforms for science and technology. We will work vigorously to bring in high-caliber personnel and intellectual resources from overseas and intensify the training of all types of personnel. We will become better able to create, utilize, protect and manage intellectual property rights.
毫不松懈地加强节能减排和生态环保工作。
We will work tirelessly to save energy, reduce emissions, preserve the ecosystems, and protect the environment.
一是突出抓好工业、交通、建筑三大领域节能，继续推进十大重点节能工程建设，落实电机、锅炉、汽车、空调、照明等方面的节能措施。
First, we will emphasize energy conservation in the three key areas of industry, transportation and construction; continue work on the ten major energy conservation projects; and implement energy-conserving measures for power generators, boilers, automobiles, air-conditioners and lighting products.
二是大力发展循环经济和清洁能源。坚持节能节水节地。积极发展核电、风电、太阳能发电等清洁能源。推进洁净煤技术产业化。严格执行能耗和环保国家标准，加大节能技术和产品推广应用力度，加强资源综合利用。
Second, we will energetically develop a circular economy and clean energy. We will steadfastly save energy, water and land. We will vigorously develop clean energy such as nuclear, hydraulic, wind, and solar power. We will promote the adaptation of clean coal technology for industrial application. We will strictly enforce national standards for energy consumption and environmental protection, increase the use of energy-conserving technologies and products, and promote comprehensive utilization of resources.
三是健全节能环保各项政策，按照节能减排指标体系、考核体系、监测体系，狠抓落实。
Third, we will improve our policies for conserving energy and protecting the environment, and strictly enforce the system of standards, assessment system and monitoring system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.
四是开展全民节能减排行动，国家机关、公共企事业单位要发挥表率作用。
Fourth, we will launch a nationwide campaign on the importance of energy conservation and emissions reduction, in which state organs and government-affiliated enterprises and institutions need to play an exemplary role.
五是继续强化重点流域、区域污染防治，加强石漠化、荒漠化治理，实施重点防护林、天然林保护和京津风沙源治理等生态建设工程，保护水、森林、草原、湿地等生态环境。推进农村环境综合整治。整顿规范矿产资源开发秩序。合理开发利用海洋资源。
Fifth, we will continue to intensify pollution prevention and control in key river valleys and regions; control the spread of stony deserts and desertification; carry out ecological conservation projects to build key forest shelterbelts, protect virgin forests, and bring the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin under control; and protect water, forests, grasslands, wetlands and other elements of the ecosystems. We will comprehensively improve the rural environment. We will rectify and standardize order in the exploitation of mineral resources and develop and use marine resources wisely.
六是实施应对气候变化国家方案，提高应对气候变化能力。加强气象、地震、防灾减灾、测绘基础研究和能力建设。
Sixth, we will implement the national plan for addressing climate change and become better able to respond to it. We will intensify basic research in meteorology, earthquake science, disaster prevention and mitigation, and surveying and mapping and strengthen these areas.
全面提高产品质量和安全生产水平。今年要在全国开展整顿和规范市场秩序专项行动以及“质量和安全年”活动，各行各业都要加强全员、全过程、全方位质量和安全管理。进一步强化重点行业安全生产监管，坚决遏制重特大安全事故发生。深入开展食品药品安全专项整治，健全并严格执行产品质量安全标准。实行严格的市场准入制度和产品质量追溯制度、召回制度。要让人民群众买得放心、吃得安心、用得舒心。
We will comprehensively improve product quality and enhance workplace safety. This year we will launch a campaign to rectify and standardize order in the market and carry out the Quality and Safety Year campaign, which requires all industries and sectors to strengthen quality and safety supervision of all personnel and all processes in all areas. We will further tighten oversight and supervision of workplace safety in key industries and resolutely prevent serious and major accidents. We will make intensive efforts to improve food and drug safety, and improve and strictly enforce standards for product quality and safety. We will implement strict market access rules and product trace ability and recall systems so that the people buy food and drugs with confidence and consume them with satisfaction.
继续实施西部大开发、东北地区等老工业基地振兴、中部地区崛起、东部地区率先发展的区域发展总体战略，促进区域协调发展。鼓励各地从实际出发，充分发挥自身优势，在应对外部冲击中闯出发展新路。东部地区要大力开拓国际市场，稳定出口，着力发展先进制造业、现代服务业和高新技术产业，加快产业升级和体制创新，培育新的经济增长点，形成参与国际合作竞争新优势，增强更高水平上的可持续发展能力。经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区要继续当好改革开放排头兵。进一步支持中西部和东北地区加强薄弱环节，以消除瓶颈制约为重点，加大基础设施、生态建设和环境保护投资力度，新开工一批交通、水利重点工程，加快建设一批粮食、能源原材料、装备制造等优势产业基地和特色产业基地，加快重点地区优先开发，促进矿产资源枯竭型城市经济转型。抓紧研究制定中西部地区承接产业转移的具体政策。制定和实施全国主体功能区规划。大力扶持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区发展。
We will continue to implement the overall regional development strategy of promoting the large-scale development of the western region, reinvigorating northeast China and other old industrial bases, energizing development of the central region, and getting the eastern region to take the lead in development, and promote balanced development among regions. We will encourage all regions to work on the basis of local conditions, make full use of their advantages, and find a new path for development in response to the shock of external events. The eastern region needs to vigorously open up international markets, stabilize exports, and develop advanced manufacturing, modern services and new- and high-tech industries. It needs to accelerate industrial upgrading and institutional innovation, foster new areas of economic growth, create new advantages for participating in international cooperation and competition, and raise its capability for sustainable development. Special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin need to continue to take the lead in reform and opening up. We will increase support to the central and western regions and northeast China to improve their weak links in development. To remove bottlenecks in these regions, we will increase spending on infrastructure, ecological conservation and environmental protection, launch a number of key transportation and water conservancy projects, and accelerate development of a number of grain, energy, raw materials and equipment manufacturing bases that have distinctive local features and special advantages. We will accelerate development of key areas on a priority basis. We will promote the transformation of the economies of cities once dependent on now-depleted mineral resources in these regions. We will promptly formulate specific policies to encourage industries to relocate to the central and western regions, and formulate and implement a national plan for development priority zones. We will fully support the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas.
