第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每 题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1 She was close to success
A.fast
B.quick
C.tight
D.near
2 The two girls look alike
A.similar
B.beautiful
C.pretty
D.attractive
3 The boy is intelligent
A.naughty
B.clever
C.difficult
D.active
4 Everybody was glad to see Mary back
A.sorry
B.sad
C.happy
D.angry
5 What is your glad in life？
A.aim
B.plan
C.arrangement
D.idea
6 Jack is a diligent student
A.ambitious
B.hardworking
C.lazy
D.slow
7 Mary said mildly that she was just curious.
A.shyly
B.gently
C.weakly
D.wildly
8 Practically all animals communicate through sounds
A.Almost
B.Clearly
C.Absolutely
D.Basically
9 The story was very touching.
A.inspiring
B.boring
C.absorbing
D.moving
10 I wasn't qualified for the job really， but I got it anyhow
A.anyway
B.somehow
C.anywhere
D.somewhere
11 She was a puzzle
A.girl
B.woman
C.mystery
D.problem
12 Her speciality is heart surgery.
A.region
B.site
C.platform
D.field
13 France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.
A.private
B.friendly
C.strong
D.secret
14 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly
A.mixed
B.spread
C.beaten
D.covered
15 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English socie
A.destroyed
B.broke
C.changed
D.smashed
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提 供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Earthquake
How does an earthquake start？
What makes an earthquake happen？ The rock of the earth's crust （地壳） may have a fault'， a kind of break in the surface. The blocks which make up the earth move， and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways （纵向地） against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force， a lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations （振动） and it is these vibrations that we reef as an earthquake. The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece.
What to do during an earthquake？
At school
As soon as the earthquake starts， students should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. The teacher should， at the same time， go immediately to the teacher's desk， get underneath （在……下面） it and stay there till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions.
As soon as the tremors （震动） stop， all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park. They must wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go.
At home
If you are at home when the earthquake occurs， get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find. You must not go anywhere near the window and don't go out onto the balcony （阳台）。 Once the tremors have stopped， you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building straight away. You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift - there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for hours.
In the street
If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place， do not stand near buildings， fences or walls -- move away as quickly as possible arid try to find a large open space to wait in. Standing under trees could also be dangerous.
16 People knew long ago how an earthquake starts
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17 Thousands of people were killed during an earthquake in Turkey.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18 As soon as an earthquake occurs， students should leave the building
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19 Students should go to the school playground or an open space once the tremors stop.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20 If you are at home when an earthquake occurs， stand near a big table
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21 The best way to leave the building during an earthquake is to get into a lift
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22 If you are in the street when an earthquake occurs， stay in a large open space
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每 题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
The Science of Sport
1 At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens， the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the
world record for the 110 metres hurdles （跨栏） when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter （短跑运动员） Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast.
2 Record-breaking in all track events is slowing down and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless， every four years， records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance？ And how long can we keep breaking records？ Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds？
3 Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed， but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.
4 Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling， for example， are endurance （耐力） sports and require a different parathion （硝苯硫磷脂） to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports， changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.
5 But in any sport， a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example， the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match， tennis players are encouraged to use visualization （相象） techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.
6 But as science， begins to dominate sport， are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition， the sporting challenge？ What's more， are all these advantages fair？
23 Paragraph 2 .
24 Paragraph 3 .
25 Paragraph 4 .
26 Paragraph 5 .
A.Science may be too important today.
B.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
C.Athletes are still breaking records.
D.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
E.Mental training is as important as physical training.
F.Different sports require different training programs.
27 It is more difficult for today's athletes .
28 We don't know if there is a limit .
29 Research has helped coaches .
30 Scientific advances are suspected .
A.to break records
B.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
C.to time and space
D.to be replacing the sporting challenge
E. to human performance
F. to avoid psychological techniques
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。
Recycling Around the World
Recycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century. But we could do more. People must not see recycling .as fashionable， but essential.
The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country.
They do not have much space. They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish. But even so， Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.
In 1996， the United States recycled and composted （制成肥料）57 million tons of waste （27% of the nation's solid waste）。 This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators （焚化炉）。 In doing this， 7，000 rubbish collection programmes and recycling centres helped the authorities.
In Rockford， a city in Illinois， US， its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage （废物）。 If the garbage does not contain any newspapers or aluminium （铝） cans， then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least $1，000.
In Japan， certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers.
In one year Britain recycles：
? 1 out of every 3 newspapers.
? 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars （罐子）。
? 1 out of every 4 items of clothing.
? 1 out of every 3 aluminium drink cans.
In 1999， Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535，000 tons of waste were recycled in Hong Kong itself.
Over half the things we throw away could be recycled. That means we could recycle
10 times as much as we do now.
However， recycling needs a lot of organisation and special equipment. Also， there is not much use for some recycled material.
31 Which of the following is NOT true of the Japanese？
A.They live in a crowded country.
B.They have recycled all their waste.
C.They are very good at recycling.
D.They have to share their limited space with rubbish
32 How much waste did the US recycle in 1996？
A.1.3 million tons.
B.27 million tons.
C.57 million tons.
D.53 million tons.
33 Where can people get a big prize for contributing to recycling？
A.Rockford.
B.Tokyo.
C.Hong Kong.
D.London.
34 In Japan， the newspapers collected by children
A.are given to poor people.
B.are used as reading materials.
C.are used as prizes.
D.are recycled.
35 Which of the following is NOT true of Britain？
A.It recycles 1 out of every 3 newspapers each year.
B.It recycles 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars each year
C.It recycles 1 out of every 3 aluminium cans each year.
D.It recycles 1 out of every 4 items of clothing each year.
第二篇
Walking Robot Carries a Person
The first walking robot capable of carrying a person unveiled on Friday in Tokyo， Japan. Its creators at Waseda University in Tokyo and the Japanese robotics company
Tmsuk hope their two-legged creation will one day enable wheel-chair users to climb up and down the stairs and assist the movement of heavy goods over uneven ground.
The battery-powered robot， code-named WL-16， is essentially an aluminium chair mounted on two sets of telescopic poles. The poles are bolted to flat plates which act as feet. WL-16 uses 12 actuators （传动装置） to move forwards， backwards and sideways while carrying an adult weighing up to 60 kilograms （130 pounds）。 The robot can adjust its body and walk smoothly even if the person it is carrying shifts in the chair. At present it can only step up or down a few millimeters， but the， team plans to make it capable of dealing with a normal flight of stairs.
I believe this bipedal （两足的） robot， which I prefer to call a two-legged walking chair rather than a wheel-chair， will eventually enable people to go up and down the stairs，" said Atsuo Takanishi， from Waseda University.
"We have had strong robots for some time but usually they have been manipulators， they have not been geared to carrying people around，" says Ron Arkin， at the Georgia Institute of Technology and robotics consultant for Sony. "But I don't know how safe and how user-friendly WL-16 is."
Tmsuk chief executive Yoichi Takamoto argues that bipedal or multi-legged robots will be more useful than so-called "caterpillar （毛毛虫） models" for moving over uneven ground.
WL-16's normal walking step measures 30 centimetres， but it can stretch its legs to 136 cm apart. The prototype （原型） is currently radio-controlled， but the research team plans to equip it with a stick-like controller for the user in future. Takanishi said it will take "at least two years" to develop the WL-16 prototype into a working model.
Smaller， ground-hugging （紧贴地面行走的） robots have been developed to pass across tricky ground. One maggot-like （像蛆一样的） device uses a magnetic fluid to pulse its way along， while another snake-like robot uses smart software to devise new movement strategies if the landscape affects any one part. One ball-shaped robot even uses a leap-and-bounce approach to travel over rough territory. But none of these are big or strong enough to carry a person too.
36 The robot presented to the public on Friday in Tokyo， Japan
A.surprised visitors from Waseda University.
B.can move up to 60 kilometres per hour.
C.can transport heavy goods over uneven ground
D.has two legs and is able to carry a person.
37 The researchers plan to make WL-16 capable of
A.moving up and down the stairs easily.
B.turning its head easily.
C.using a telescope to find the way.
D.carrying a person of over 60 kilograms.
38 What does Ron Arkin think of WL-16？
A.He doesn't think it is useful.
B.He thinks it is only a manipulator.
C.He thinks it is user-friendly.
D.He is unsure of its safety.
39 Which of the following is true of WL-16？
A.It can only move forwards and backwards.
B.It is a caterpillar model.
C.It can walk with a step of up to 136 cm.
D.It is equipped with a stick-like controller.
40 Which type of robot is NOI mentioned in the last paragraph？
A.Maggot-like robots.
B.Snake-like robots.
C.Ball-shaped robots.
D.Chair-shaped robots.
第三篇
Is the Tie a Necessity？
Ties， or neckties， have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So， are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties？
Maybe. Last week， the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. Fie hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.
In fact， Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities （知名人士） without ties， which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.
For some more conservative British， the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier， Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan， the tie was a sign of being complete， of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church， to work in the office， to a party - almost every social occasion.
But today， people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.
The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a "band"。 The term could mean anything around a man's neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear （颈饰） impressed Charles II， the king of England who was exiled （流放） to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660， he brought this new fashion item along with him.
It wasn't， however， until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful， flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then， clubs， military institutions and schools began to use colored arid patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century. After that， the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.
But now， even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway， the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.
41 The tie symbolizes all of tile following except
A.respect.
B.elegance.
C.democracy.
D.politeness.
42 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie？
A.Because he wants to make a show.
B.Because he wants to attract attention.
C.Because he wants to live in a casual way.
D.Because ties are costly.
43 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion？
A.Going to church.
B.Going to work in the office.
C.Going to a party.
D.Staying at home.
44 Who brought the Frenchmen's neckwear to Britain？
A.Charles ii.
B.Tony Blair.
C.Jim Callaghan.
D.Andrew Turnbull.
45 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly？
A.In the 1630s.
B.After the late 19th century.
C.In 1660.
D.In the late 18th century.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Female Bullfighting
It was a unique， eye-catching sight： an attractive woman in a shiny bullfighter's suit， sword in hand， facing the sharp horns of a black， 500-kilogram beast.
Most people thought the days of female bullfighting were over in Spain （46）
The first woman fighter， Cristina Sanchez， quit in 1999 because of male discrimination （歧视）， But Vega is determined to break into what could be Spain's most resistant male field （47）
Spanish women have conquered almost all male professions. （48） "The bull does not ask for your identity card，" she said in an interview a few years ago. She insisted that she be judged for her skills rather than her femaleness.
Vega became a matador （斗牛士） in 1997 in the southwestern city of Caceres. （49） She entered a bullfighting school in Malaga at age nine and performed her first major bullfight at age 14. She has faced as much opposition as Sanchez did. And the "difficulties have made her grow into a very strong bullfighter，" her brother Jorge says.
The 1.68-metre tall and somewhat shy Vega says her love of bullfighting does not make her any less of a woman. （50）
A.Her father was an aspiring （有雄心壮志的） bullfighter.
B.But many bullfighting professionals continue to insist that women do not have what it takes to perform the country's "national show"。
C."I'm a woman from head to toe and proud of it，" she once said
D.She looks like a male bullfighter
E.But recently， 29-year-old Marl Paz Vega became the second woman in Spanish history to fight against those heavy animals
F.She intends to become even better than Sanchez was.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
High-Tech Warfare （战争）
Today， high-tech warfare is no longer an abstract concept， but a real issue.
Technology （51） tactics， sociology， and the development of weaponry （武器）。 It also causes the changes in battles. Then what are the new characteristics of modern battles （52） by the application of high technologies？
High4ech warfare naturally includes high technology. In modern battles， a single kind of weapon can hardly be （53）。 Various weaponry， such as intelligence detection and information processing， should （54） well with each other. Aerial （航空的） weaponry becomes the main force in battles in the sky. Precision homing （精确自导） weaponry like cruise missiles and missiles （55） satellite homing systems becomes the main attack weapons.
Battle control systems play a dominant role. Various weapons and logistics （后勤） systems are （56） into a comprehensive framework， centrally representing the modern high4ech weaponry. Depending on various （57） equipment and means in electronic warfare， our army will not be passively beaten. （58） the battlefield， high-tech warfare has created a type of non-linear （非线性的） chaos.
Because of the use of long-range precision weaponry， the opposite parties in warfare can't "touch" or "see" each other， and distance is no longer the decisive factor affecting the （59） of battles， it is hard to clearly define the lines between the frontier and the rear， as well as attack and defense. The traditional three-dimensional air-sea battlefield will be （60） by the multi-dimensional battlefield composed of air， sea， magnetic， electrical and information battlefields. No large-scale movements can be conducted （61）。
Because modern weaponry systems are closely related to chains of demand and communication and electronic technology， the parties （62） have to pay attention to the usufruct （使用权） and control of electromagnetic frequency spectrum. So electronic warfare becomes （63） important and the necessary guarantee of victory. Whatever （64） warfare goes to and whatever cloak （宽大外衣） it wears， it always violates peace and brings the world bloodshed （流血）。 Most people think of high technology as a （65） to enhance， e their lives， and they don't wish it to be used to destroy lives.
51 A.uses B.adopts C.selects D.determines
52 A.processed B.brought C.studied D.shared
53 A.effectivenbsp; B.active C.protective D.descriptive
54 A.play B.develop C.work D.know
55 A.with B.on C.under D.of
56 A.conducted B.separated C.coded D.integrated
57 A.heavy B.advanced C.common D.standard
58 A.In spite of B.In terms of C.Because of D.Regardless of
59 A.address B.space C.scene D.course
60 A.replaced B.repeated C.rejected D.recovered
61 A.physically B.immensely C.secretly D.thoroughly
62 A.informed B.involved C.collected D.caught
63 A.equally B.interestingly C.possibly D.increasingly
64 A.stage B.form C.effect D.source
65 A.rule B.direction C.way D.track
2006年度全国职称英语等级考试试卷英语理工类Ｂ级
***参考答案***
1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 A
6 B 7 B 8 A 9 D 10 A
11 C 12 D 13 B 14 A 15 C
16 C 17 C 18 B 19 A 20 B
21 B 22 A 23 C 24 D 25 F
26 E 27 A 28 E 29 B 30 D
31 B 32 C 33 A 34 D 35 C
36 D 37 A 38 D 39 C 40 D
41 C 42 C 43 D 44 A 45 B
46 E 47 F 48 B 49 A 50 C
51 D 52 B 53 A 54 C 55 A
56 D 57 B 58 B 59 D 60 A
61 C 62 B 63 D 64 A 65 C
其中：
1－30每题1分；
31－45每题3分；
46－50每题2分；
51－65每题1分。
试卷总分：100分。
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1 She was close to success
A.fast
B.quick
C.tight
D.near
2 The two girls look alike
A.similar
B.beautiful
C.pretty
D.attractive
3 The boy is intelligent
A.naughty
B.clever
C.difficult
D.active
4 Everybody was glad to see Mary back
A.sorry
B.sad
C.happy
D.angry
5 What is your glad in life？
A.aim
B.plan
C.arrangement
D.idea
6 Jack is a diligent student
A.ambitious
B.hardworking
C.lazy
D.slow
7 Mary said mildly that she was just curious.
A.shyly
B.gently
C.weakly
D.wildly
8 Practically all animals communicate through sounds
A.Almost
B.Clearly
C.Absolutely
D.Basically
9 The story was very touching.
A.inspiring
B.boring
C.absorbing
D.moving
10 I wasn't qualified for the job really， but I got it anyhow
A.anyway
B.somehow
C.anywhere
D.somewhere
11 She was a puzzle
A.girl
B.woman
C.mystery
D.problem
12 Her speciality is heart surgery.
A.region
B.site
C.platform
D.field
13 France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.
A.private
B.friendly
C.strong
D.secret
14 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly
A.mixed
B.spread
C.beaten
D.covered
15 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English socie
A.destroyed
B.broke
C.changed
D.smashed
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提 供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Earthquake
How does an earthquake start？
What makes an earthquake happen？ The rock of the earth's crust （地壳） may have a fault'， a kind of break in the surface. The blocks which make up the earth move， and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways （纵向地） against each other. When one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force， a lot of energy is used. This energy is changed into vibrations （振动） and it is these vibrations that we reef as an earthquake. The vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece.
What to do during an earthquake？
At school
As soon as the earthquake starts， students should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. The teacher should， at the same time， go immediately to the teacher's desk， get underneath （在……下面） it and stay there till the danger is over. Students must not argue with the teacher or question instructions.
As soon as the tremors （震动） stop， all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a park. They must wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go.
At home
If you are at home when the earthquake occurs， get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Choose the biggest and strongest table you can find. You must not go anywhere near the window and don't go out onto the balcony （阳台）。 Once the tremors have stopped， you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building straight away. You should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift - there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for hours.
In the street
If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place， do not stand near buildings， fences or walls -- move away as quickly as possible arid try to find a large open space to wait in. Standing under trees could also be dangerous.
16 People knew long ago how an earthquake starts
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
17 Thousands of people were killed during an earthquake in Turkey.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18 As soon as an earthquake occurs， students should leave the building
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
19 Students should go to the school playground or an open space once the tremors stop.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
20 If you are at home when an earthquake occurs， stand near a big table
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21 The best way to leave the building during an earthquake is to get into a lift
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
22 If you are in the street when an earthquake occurs， stay in a large open space
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每 题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
The Science of Sport
1 At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens， the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the
world record for the 110 metres hurdles （跨栏） when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter （短跑运动员） Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast.
2 Record-breaking in all track events is slowing down and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless， every four years， records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what's behind this never-ending improvement in performance？ And how long can we keep breaking records？ Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds？
3 Most experts agree that it isn't the athletes' bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed， but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete's body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.
4 Scientists have shown that an athlete's body's needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling， for example， are endurance （耐力） sports and require a different parathion （硝苯硫磷脂） to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports， changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.
5 But in any sport， a player's success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example， the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match， tennis players are encouraged to use visualization （相象） techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.
6 But as science， begins to dominate sport， are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition， the sporting challenge？ What's more， are all these advantages fair？
23 Paragraph 2 .
24 Paragraph 3 .
25 Paragraph 4 .
26 Paragraph 5 .
A.Science may be too important today.
B.Sports equipment has been improved a lot.
C.Athletes are still breaking records.
D.Sport science helps improve athletes' performances.
E.Mental training is as important as physical training.
F.Different sports require different training programs.
27 It is more difficult for today's athletes .
28 We don't know if there is a limit .
29 Research has helped coaches .
30 Scientific advances are suspected .
A.to break records
B.to better understand the athlete's body and mind
C.to time and space
D.to be replacing the sporting challenge
E. to human performance
F. to avoid psychological techniques
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。
Recycling Around the World
Recycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century. But we could do more. People must not see recycling .as fashionable， but essential.
The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country.
They do not have much space. They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish. But even so， Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.
In 1996， the United States recycled and composted （制成肥料）57 million tons of waste （27% of the nation's solid waste）。 This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators （焚化炉）。 In doing this， 7，000 rubbish collection programmes and recycling centres helped the authorities.
In Rockford， a city in Illinois， US， its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage （废物）。 If the garbage does not contain any newspapers or aluminium （铝） cans， then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least $1，000.
In Japan， certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers.
In one year Britain recycles：
? 1 out of every 3 newspapers.
? 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars （罐子）。
? 1 out of every 4 items of clothing.
? 1 out of every 3 aluminium drink cans.
In 1999， Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535，000 tons of waste were recycled in Hong Kong itself.
Over half the things we throw away could be recycled. That means we could recycle
10 times as much as we do now.
However， recycling needs a lot of organisation and special equipment. Also， there is not much use for some recycled material.
31 Which of the following is NOT true of the Japanese？
A.They live in a crowded country.
B.They have recycled all their waste.
C.They are very good at recycling.
D.They have to share their limited space with rubbish
32 How much waste did the US recycle in 1996？
A.1.3 million tons.
B.27 million tons.
C.57 million tons.
D.53 million tons.
33 Where can people get a big prize for contributing to recycling？
A.Rockford.
B.Tokyo.
C.Hong Kong.
D.London.
34 In Japan， the newspapers collected by children
A.are given to poor people.
B.are used as reading materials.
C.are used as prizes.
D.are recycled.
35 Which of the following is NOT true of Britain？
A.It recycles 1 out of every 3 newspapers each year.
B.It recycles 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars each year
C.It recycles 1 out of every 3 aluminium cans each year.
D.It recycles 1 out of every 4 items of clothing each year.
第二篇
Walking Robot Carries a Person
The first walking robot capable of carrying a person unveiled on Friday in Tokyo， Japan. Its creators at Waseda University in Tokyo and the Japanese robotics company
Tmsuk hope their two-legged creation will one day enable wheel-chair users to climb up and down the stairs and assist the movement of heavy goods over uneven ground.
The battery-powered robot， code-named WL-16， is essentially an aluminium chair mounted on two sets of telescopic poles. The poles are bolted to flat plates which act as feet. WL-16 uses 12 actuators （传动装置） to move forwards， backwards and sideways while carrying an adult weighing up to 60 kilograms （130 pounds）。 The robot can adjust its body and walk smoothly even if the person it is carrying shifts in the chair. At present it can only step up or down a few millimeters， but the， team plans to make it capable of dealing with a normal flight of stairs.
I believe this bipedal （两足的） robot， which I prefer to call a two-legged walking chair rather than a wheel-chair， will eventually enable people to go up and down the stairs，" said Atsuo Takanishi， from Waseda University.
"We have had strong robots for some time but usually they have been manipulators， they have not been geared to carrying people around，" says Ron Arkin， at the Georgia Institute of Technology and robotics consultant for Sony. "But I don't know how safe and how user-friendly WL-16 is."
Tmsuk chief executive Yoichi Takamoto argues that bipedal or multi-legged robots will be more useful than so-called "caterpillar （毛毛虫） models" for moving over uneven ground.
WL-16's normal walking step measures 30 centimetres， but it can stretch its legs to 136 cm apart. The prototype （原型） is currently radio-controlled， but the research team plans to equip it with a stick-like controller for the user in future. Takanishi said it will take "at least two years" to develop the WL-16 prototype into a working model.
Smaller， ground-hugging （紧贴地面行走的） robots have been developed to pass across tricky ground. One maggot-like （像蛆一样的） device uses a magnetic fluid to pulse its way along， while another snake-like robot uses smart software to devise new movement strategies if the landscape affects any one part. One ball-shaped robot even uses a leap-and-bounce approach to travel over rough territory. But none of these are big or strong enough to carry a person too.
36 The robot presented to the public on Friday in Tokyo， Japan
A.surprised visitors from Waseda University.
B.can move up to 60 kilometres per hour.
C.can transport heavy goods over uneven ground
D.has two legs and is able to carry a person.
37 The researchers plan to make WL-16 capable of
A.moving up and down the stairs easily.
B.turning its head easily.
C.using a telescope to find the way.
D.carrying a person of over 60 kilograms.
38 What does Ron Arkin think of WL-16？
A.He doesn't think it is useful.
B.He thinks it is only a manipulator.
C.He thinks it is user-friendly.
D.He is unsure of its safety.
39 Which of the following is true of WL-16？
A.It can only move forwards and backwards.
B.It is a caterpillar model.
C.It can walk with a step of up to 136 cm.
D.It is equipped with a stick-like controller.
40 Which type of robot is NOI mentioned in the last paragraph？
A.Maggot-like robots.
B.Snake-like robots.
C.Ball-shaped robots.
D.Chair-shaped robots.
第三篇
Is the Tie a Necessity？
Ties， or neckties， have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So， are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties？
Maybe. Last week， the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. Fie hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.
In fact， Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities （知名人士） without ties， which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.
For some more conservative British， the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier， Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan， the tie was a sign of being complete， of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church， to work in the office， to a party - almost every social occasion.
But today， people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.
The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a "band"。 The term could mean anything around a man's neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear （颈饰） impressed Charles II， the king of England who was exiled （流放） to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660， he brought this new fashion item along with him.
It wasn't， however， until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful， flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then， clubs， military institutions and schools began to use colored arid patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century. After that， the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.
But now， even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway， the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.
41 The tie symbolizes all of tile following except
A.respect.
B.elegance.
C.democracy.
D.politeness.
42 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie？
A.Because he wants to make a show.
B.Because he wants to attract attention.
C.Because he wants to live in a casual way.
D.Because ties are costly.
43 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion？
A.Going to church.
B.Going to work in the office.
C.Going to a party.
D.Staying at home.
44 Who brought the Frenchmen's neckwear to Britain？
A.Charles ii.
B.Tony Blair.
C.Jim Callaghan.
D.Andrew Turnbull.
45 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly？
A.In the 1630s.
B.After the late 19th century.
C.In 1660.
D.In the late 18th century.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Female Bullfighting
It was a unique， eye-catching sight： an attractive woman in a shiny bullfighter's suit， sword in hand， facing the sharp horns of a black， 500-kilogram beast.
Most people thought the days of female bullfighting were over in Spain （46）
The first woman fighter， Cristina Sanchez， quit in 1999 because of male discrimination （歧视）， But Vega is determined to break into what could be Spain's most resistant male field （47）
Spanish women have conquered almost all male professions. （48） "The bull does not ask for your identity card，" she said in an interview a few years ago. She insisted that she be judged for her skills rather than her femaleness.
Vega became a matador （斗牛士） in 1997 in the southwestern city of Caceres. （49） She entered a bullfighting school in Malaga at age nine and performed her first major bullfight at age 14. She has faced as much opposition as Sanchez did. And the "difficulties have made her grow into a very strong bullfighter，" her brother Jorge says.
The 1.68-metre tall and somewhat shy Vega says her love of bullfighting does not make her any less of a woman. （50）
A.Her father was an aspiring （有雄心壮志的） bullfighter.
B.But many bullfighting professionals continue to insist that women do not have what it takes to perform the country's "national show"。
C."I'm a woman from head to toe and proud of it，" she once said
D.She looks like a male bullfighter
E.But recently， 29-year-old Marl Paz Vega became the second woman in Spanish history to fight against those heavy animals
F.She intends to become even better than Sanchez was.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
High-Tech Warfare （战争）
Today， high-tech warfare is no longer an abstract concept， but a real issue.
Technology （51） tactics， sociology， and the development of weaponry （武器）。 It also causes the changes in battles. Then what are the new characteristics of modern battles （52） by the application of high technologies？
High4ech warfare naturally includes high technology. In modern battles， a single kind of weapon can hardly be （53）。 Various weaponry， such as intelligence detection and information processing， should （54） well with each other. Aerial （航空的） weaponry becomes the main force in battles in the sky. Precision homing （精确自导） weaponry like cruise missiles and missiles （55） satellite homing systems becomes the main attack weapons.
Battle control systems play a dominant role. Various weapons and logistics （后勤） systems are （56） into a comprehensive framework， centrally representing the modern high4ech weaponry. Depending on various （57） equipment and means in electronic warfare， our army will not be passively beaten. （58） the battlefield， high-tech warfare has created a type of non-linear （非线性的） chaos.
Because of the use of long-range precision weaponry， the opposite parties in warfare can't "touch" or "see" each other， and distance is no longer the decisive factor affecting the （59） of battles， it is hard to clearly define the lines between the frontier and the rear， as well as attack and defense. The traditional three-dimensional air-sea battlefield will be （60） by the multi-dimensional battlefield composed of air， sea， magnetic， electrical and information battlefields. No large-scale movements can be conducted （61）。
Because modern weaponry systems are closely related to chains of demand and communication and electronic technology， the parties （62） have to pay attention to the usufruct （使用权） and control of electromagnetic frequency spectrum. So electronic warfare becomes （63） important and the necessary guarantee of victory. Whatever （64） warfare goes to and whatever cloak （宽大外衣） it wears， it always violates peace and brings the world bloodshed （流血）。 Most people think of high technology as a （65） to enhance， e their lives， and they don't wish it to be used to destroy lives.
51 A.uses B.adopts C.selects D.determines
52 A.processed B.brought C.studied D.shared
53 A.effectivenbsp; B.active C.protective D.descriptive
54 A.play B.develop C.work D.know
55 A.with B.on C.under D.of
56 A.conducted B.separated C.coded D.integrated
57 A.heavy B.advanced C.common D.standard
58 A.In spite of B.In terms of C.Because of D.Regardless of
59 A.address B.space C.scene D.course
60 A.replaced B.repeated C.rejected D.recovered
61 A.physically B.immensely C.secretly D.thoroughly
62 A.informed B.involved C.collected D.caught
63 A.equally B.interestingly C.possibly D.increasingly
64 A.stage B.form C.effect D.source
65 A.rule B.direction C.way D.track
2006年度全国职称英语等级考试试卷英语理工类Ｂ级
***参考答案***
1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 A
6 B 7 B 8 A 9 D 10 A
11 C 12 D 13 B 14 A 15 C
16 C 17 C 18 B 19 A 20 B
21 B 22 A 23 C 24 D 25 F
26 E 27 A 28 E 29 B 30 D
31 B 32 C 33 A 34 D 35 C
36 D 37 A 38 D 39 C 40 D
41 C 42 C 43 D 44 A 45 B
46 E 47 F 48 B 49 A 50 C
51 D 52 B 53 A 54 C 55 A
56 D 57 B 58 B 59 D 60 A
61 C 62 B 63 D 64 A 65 C
其中：
1－30每题1分；
31－45每题3分；
46－50每题2分；
51－65每题1分。
试卷总分：100分。
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