2013年职称英语理工类复习笔记(5)

发布时间:2013-11-05 共1页

第五句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。

这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:

1) 要不要 "to"的问题:

The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你马上就来。)

句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 "to"连接。但是,以下情况例外:

n make, let, have等使役动词,如:

Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)

I won't have him cheat me. (否定式,表示"容许":我决不容许他欺骗我)

上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 "to",如:

The nurse made the patient eat something. (护士让病人吃了点东西。)

→The patient was made to eat something.

有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:

His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。- 注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes)

记住下面重要表达方式:

to have / get (something) done, 如:

I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)

n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词:

使用原则与上述大致相同。

2) 要不要 "it"的问题:

先看两个句子:

We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语

The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语

归纳:

n 在主语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是"动词不定式"或"句子"时,要用it(不是this, that或其他任何词)作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。

n 考试时,判断要不要 "it",主要看句子后面有没有"动词不定式"或"句子",若有,要选 "it"

n 宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语(名词)较长,宾语补足语较短(往往是1个形容词,如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等)时,为了句子结构均衡,往往采用倒装,这里不存在"it"的使用问题, 对下句作出判断:

The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases. (超声波的出现使许多致命疾病的早期诊断成为可能。)

A. it possible   B. possible

C. it is   D. it

该题的正确答案应为B,因为句子采用了倒装形式,原结构为:

The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.

宾语 补足语

3) 记住以下短语:

to take…as(把…当作…)   to think of…as(把…看作…)

to regard…as(把…看作…)   to refer to…as(把…叫作…)

 

百分百考试网 考试宝典

立即免费试用