6. A law requiring companies to offer employees unpaid time off to care for their children will harm the economic competitiveness of our nation’s businesses. Companies must be free to set their own employment policies without mandated parental-leave regulations.Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion of the argument above?

　　(A) A parental-leave law will serve to strengthen the family as a social institution in this country.

　　(B) Many businesses in this country already offer employees some form of parental leave.

　　(C) Some of the countries with the most economically competitive businesses have strong parental-leave regulations.

　　(D) Only companies with one hundred or more employees would be subject to the proposed parental-leave law.

　　(E) In most polls, a majority of citizens say they favor passage of a parental-leave law.

　　7.　　 If A, then B.

　　If B, then C.

　　If C, then D.

　　If all of the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

　　(A) If D, then A.

　　(B) If not B, then not C.

　　(C) If not D, then not A.

　　(D) If D, then E.

　　(E) If not A, then not D.

　　8.　　 Dear Applicant:

　　Thank you for your application. Unfortunately, we are unable to offer you a position in our local government office for the summer. As you know, funding for summer jobs is limited, and it is impossible for us to offer jobs to all those who want them. Consequently, we are forced to reject many highly qualified applicants.

　　Which of the following can be inferred from the letter?

　　(A) The number of applicants for summer jobs in the government office exceeded the number of summer jobs available.

　　(B) The applicant who received the letter was considered highly qualified.

　　(C) Very little funding was available for summer jobs in the government office.

　　(D) The application of the person who received the letter was considered carefully before being rejected.

　　(E) Most of those who applied for summer jobs were considered qualified for the available positions.

　　9.　　 Studies of fatal automobile accidents reveal that, in the majority of cases in which one occupant of an automobile is killed while another survives, it is the passenger, not the driver, who is killed. It is ironic that the innocent passenger should suffer for the driver’s carelessness, while the driver often suffers only minor injuries or none at all.

　　Which of the following is an assumption underlying the reasoning in the passage above?

　　(A) In most fatal automobile accidents, the driver of a car in which an occupant is killed is at fault.

　　(B) Drivers of automobiles are rarely killed in auto accidents.

　　(C) Most deaths in fatal automobile accidents are suffered by occupants of cars rather than by pedestrians.

　　(D) Auto safety experts should increase their efforts to provide protection for those in the passenger seats of automobiles.

　　(E) Automobile passengers sometimes play a contributing role in causing auto accidents.

　　Questions 10-11 are based on the following

　　As one who has always believed that truth is our nation’s surest weapon in the propaganda war against our foes, I am distressed by reports of “disinformation” campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe. In a disinformation campaign, untruths are disseminated through gullible local journalists in order to damage the interests of our enemies and protect our own. Those who defend this practice say that lying is necessary to counter Soviet disinformation campaigns aimed at damaging America’s political interests. These apologists contend that one must fight fire with fire. I would point out to the apologists that the fire department finds water more effective.

　　10.　 The author of the passage above bases his conclusion on which of the following?

　　(A) A circular definition of “disinformation”

　　(B) An example of the ineffectiveness of lying as a weapon in the propaganda war

　　(C) An analogy between truth and water

　　(D) An appeal to the authority of the fire department

　　(E) An attack on the character of American intelligence agents in Western Europe

　　11.　 The author’s main point is that

　　(A) although disinformation campaigns may be effective, they are unacceptable on ethical grounds

　　(B) America’s moral standing in the world depends on its adherence to the truth

　　(C) the temporary political gains produced by disinformation campaigns generally give way to long-term losses

　　(D) Soviet disinformation campaigns have done little to damage America’s standing in Europe

　　(E) disinformation campaigns do not effectively serve the political interests of the United States