第3篇  Early or Later Day Care

The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents duringThe sensitive“attachment” period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality andI predispose to emotional problems in later life．Some people have drawn the conclusion fromBowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails，and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion． Firstly，anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents；found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies．For example，in some tribal societies，such as the Ngoni，the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone―far from it’．Secondly，common sense tells US that day care would not be so widespread today if parents

care-takers found children had problems with it．Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out，and even if they were，the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial．Thirdly．in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care，and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children’s development．But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.

But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects．The possibility that such care might lead to，say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics．Whatever the long―term effects，parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with。．Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness．At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time．The matter，then，is far from clear-cuff，though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants．

词汇：

psychoanalyst n．精神分析学家一心理分析学家 insulate vt．隔绝
rear vt．抚养 predispose引起易感性
care taker n.照顾者，看管人 entail vt．蕴涵
infant n．婴儿 anthropologist n．人类学家

练习：

1． Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A)Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day car
for children at the age of three or older．
B)Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children．
C)The first three years of one’s life is extremely important to the later development of personality．
D)Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than childrenover three

2． Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby’s work?
A)Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three．
B)Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child’s development．
C)A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems
in later life．
D)Baby care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child’s s personality．

3． It is suggested that modem societies differ from traditional societies in that
A)the parents―child relationship is more exclusive in modem societies．
B)a child more often grows up with his(her brothers or sisters in traditional societies．
C)mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies．
D)children in modem societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years

4． Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby’s theory?
A)Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children’s development．
B)The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe．
C)The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional
societies．
D)Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with．

5 Which of the following best expresses the writer’s attitude towards early day care?
A)Children under three should stay with their parents．
B)Early day care has positive effects on children’s development．
C)The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics．
D)The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue．

第1篇  Goal of American Education

1 C A，B，D均只指出了美国教育目标的一个方面。 ．

2 D 文中提到学生可以根据自己的兴趣、目标和能力来选择课程。

3 D A,B,D都只提到教育的某一个方面，但美国教育最强调的是对学生独立解决问题能力的培养.

4 C 本文中没有提到外国留学生.

5 D 给每个学生最充分地发挥自己能力的机会是美国教育的最重要特点。

第2篇  Common Problems, Common Solutions

1．D．问题问“文章中的墙指代什么？”。利用wall这个线索词在文章中发现了位于第5段中答案相关句--- “。。把我们（和吸烟者）分开的墙..。家族词的出现也是确认答案的线索：该题中separate在原文中 ---- separation在备选答案中。

2．D．问题问“第4段中you 指代什么？”。You从第1段就开始出现，所以应指第1段中所说的“已经放弃吸烟的吸烟者”。

3．A．该题问“很明显作者不主张什么？”。文章的最后一段说“无论什么样的道德墙都未曾，也不能推动我们的社会去解决基本的问题。”，可见作者很反对wall的建立。而只有A提到了wall，所以选择A。

4．B． 该题问“正如在文章中所表明的那样，普通问题的普通解决的方法应该是..”。在第8段中可以找到答案。

5．D．该题问“作者对建立吸烟隔离墙的行为的态度是什么？”。D “怀疑的”最合适。

第3篇  Early or Later Day Care

1．c 波比认为，孩子从出生到三岁这段时间是一个敏感的“依恋”期。三岁以下的
孩子如与父母分开可能会给孩子的性格造成伤害，进而导致以后的情感问题。因此可以认为波比会同意C

2．A C是波比的思想，而不是依据他的思想得出的结论，因此不对。第一段的第二句话说：一些人从波比的研究得出结论，日托要使父母和孩子分开，孩子三岁之前不应该送日托。因此A是正确答案。

3．A 第二段的第一句话说：人类学家指出，现代社会中父母与孩子之间的绝缘的爱的关系在传统社会中一般不存在。insulated(绝缘的)一词与A中的exclusive(排他的)相呼应。文章只是在第二段的第一句中提到传统社会，仅从这句话不能推断出B、C、D。

4．D 第二段列出了三条论据反对波比的理论。这三条论据分别对应C、B、A。“父母们觉得眼前的后果难以应付”不是反对波比理论的论据。

5．c 作者中立地报道了对日托的两种不同看法，并指出缺乏统计研究。特别是在第三段的第二句话中提出，日托是否会在15或20年后导致精神病或犯罪只能用统计的方法来研究。因此C是正确答案。