第二部分-阅读判断

　　Sleep Problems Plague the Older Set

　　Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good night’S rest.It's a huge quality—of-life problem，experts say，because contrary to popular belief，seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.

　　“Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent(固有的)pa rt of aging，”said Dr.Harrison G.Bloom，an associate clinical professor of geriatrics(老年病学)and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.“It’S pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.”

　　Yet.in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine，researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need.

　　older people tend to have“sleep fragmentation，”meaning they wake up more often during the night，said study author Dr.Julie Gammck，an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St.Louis University.

　　They also seem to get less“REM”sleep，the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs，Bloom added.

　　It’s unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on person’s quality of life，Bloom said.“What is important，though，is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep，”he said.

　　And，experts say，there is usually more than one cause.

　　“Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses，including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea(呼吸暂停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations，”said Michael V.Vitiello , a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington’S Northwest Geriatric Education Center.

　　Taking multiple medications，as many older people do，can also lead t0 fatigue a“ hypersomnia ，”or being tired all the time，Bloom added.

　　Another big problem，he noted，IS depression and anxiety.“Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.”

　　Despite the prevalence(流行)of sleep difficulties in older adults，many patients Aren’t getting the help they need。As a result，problems like insomnia(失眠)，restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated，Bloom said.

　　16. Sleep problems can seriously affect one’s quality of life

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　17. it is true that older people need less sleep than younger people

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　18 Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　19. The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　20. “SIeep fragmentation” refers to a marked lack of “REM” sleep

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　21. The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　22. Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　第三部分-概括大意

　　Parkinson’s Disease

　　1 Parkinson’s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson’s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.

　　2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including agin g and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson’s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.

　　3 ’rremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson’s disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson’s affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson’s may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills ( dementia).

　　4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines unntil your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.

　　23. Paragraph I_____________ .

　　24. Paragraph 2 _____________.

　　25. Paragraph 3_____________ .

　　26. Paragraph 4 _____________.

　　A. Tips for Patients with the Disease

　　B. Common Treatment for the Disease

　　C. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease

　　D. Typical Symptoms of the Disease

　　E. Possible Causes of the Disease

　　F. Definition of Parkinson’s Disease

　　27. You’II find it hard to move the way you want to_____________ .

　　28. A lot of research is being done to find out_____________.

　　29. One of the most common signs of Parkinson’s is tremor_____________.

　　30. A person with Parkinson’s has to learn to live with the disease,_____________.

　　A. if there isn’t enough dopamine m your body

　　B. what affects muscles all through your body

　　C. which cannot be cured yet

　　D. if you have a fixed or blank expression

　　E. which may be the first symptom you notice

　　F. what causes Parkinson’s disease