Ⅰ.代词的种类

代词是指代替名词及名词词组的词。英语中代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词。

人称代词是用来指代人的代词

主格Iyouhe, she ,itweyouthey

宾格meyouhim, her, itusyouthem

例：

He is a worker.

It was she.

The police found her.

The gift is for me.

物主代词有两大类：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

形容词性:my our you his her its their

名词性: mine ours yours his hers its theirs

如：My pen is here. Where's yours? (=your pen)

My ankle hurts.

John's broken his leg.

反身代词多由物主代词加self或selves构成

(1)一般用法

She cut herself while cooking.

I ask myself the same question.

I don't want to talk about myself any more.

Why don't you be yourself?

(2)强调用法

I myself did it. (=I did it myself.)

I will tell Betty herself what you told me.

相互代词表示动作所涉及到的事物之间。英语中有两对相互代词词组，即：eachother和oneanother。本文|由职业培训教育网独家整理。如：

They love each other.

He and I are studying each other's native language.

They help each other.

The athletes encouraged one another.

指示代词有：this,that,these,those和such，它们既是限定词，又是代词

This/That is my house.

These/Those are your books.

Come and look at this/these.

Such a good news made us very happy.

Such was his idea. He only failed to make it clear.

疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what,which等

(1)who和whom

Who wants to know?

Who is it?

Whom does she mean?

Whom did you go with?

(2)whose,which,what

Whose ruler are you using now?

What are you doing?

What size do you wear?

Which do you prefer?

关系代词用于引导定语从句。英语的关系代词主要有who,whom,which,that等。

不定代词的用法比较复杂

(1)each,every,all

All the students attended the meeting.

Every student has a copy of this book.

She gave a bag of sweets to each.

(2)both,either,neither

I don't think either of them know/knows.

I think neither of them know/knows.

Both of them are college students.

Either of them will do.

(3)some(-thing,-body,-one),any(-thing,-body,-one)

Somebody/Someone is coming.

Is there anybody who wants to go to the movie tonight?

(4)nothing，none

None of her relatives is /are here.

None of this china is valuable.

There's nothing I can do for you.

代词it的基本用法：

(1)it可以用来指动物，甚至可以指不知其性别或性别无关紧要的婴幼儿，如：

What's the matter with that child? It looks ill.

(2)it可以用来指上文的情况，如：

Her mother's just died. It's been a terrible shock to her.

(3)it可以用来指天气、时间、地点、温度、距离等，还可以用于其它一些结构。本文|由职业培训教育网独家整理。如：

It's warm today.

It's raining.

It's December already.

-Who is it?

-It's me.

(4)it可放于句首，作为句中的形式主语，实际主语放于其后，如：

It is said that he refuses to come.

It is difficult to speak English well.

(5)It 可用于强调句

It was he that I gave the book to.

Ⅱ.职称英语主要测试点

指示代词和it指代

举例：

1)TV can make anything or anyone well known overnight. This is the principle behind “quiz” or “game” shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money.

2)We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical.

3)If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company’s profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity.

4)Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.

5)In Ontario, ask the dealer or seller for the Used Vehicle Information Package. This gives details of previous owners, any outstanding liens on the car and the fair market value of the vehicle.

6)A person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on.

7)You’ve probably heard that no two snowflakes are alike. Of course, nobody has ever confirmed that statement.

8)In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands.

结论：指示代词this, that, such及代词it除可代替前句中出现的名词，更可代替其之前叙述的一句或几句话。