词汇学习3：
　　1. B　manual（手的；体力的）与physical（身体的；体力的）意思相近。Their physical strength was their pride.健壮的体魄是他们的骄傲。expressive:富于表情的。He had an expressive face.他有一张表情丰富的脸。exaggerated:夸张的。Everyone was listening to his vivid but exaggerated description of the event.每个人都在听他对事件的生动但夸张的描述。dubious:怀疑的。These goods are of dubious origin.这些东西的来路令人怀疑。manual gestures也可以说成hand gestures（手势）。
　　2. C　harness此处与utilise意思相近：利用。More efficient ways to utilize wind energy and tidal power are being studied.人们正在研究更有效地利用风能和潮汐能量的方法。convert:转换。A solar cell takes radiation from the sun and converts it into electricity.太阳能电池吸收太阳光线，并将其转成电。store:储存。We hope to be able to store solar energy in the summer months and use it in winter.我们希望能够在夏天把太阳能储存起来，在冬天使用。receive:接收，收到。I received a letter from my brother.我收到我弟弟的一封信。
　　3. B　resident:居民，住户。与occupant（居住者；占用者）意思相近。A 12-year-old boy and a dog were the sole occupants of the big house.这所房子里只住着一个十二岁的男孩和一条狗。manager:经理；管理人。All the managers agreed that this was a good idea.所有的经理都认为这是个好主意。landlord:房东；地主。The landlord doesn't want to reduce the rent.房东不打算降低房租。caretaker:夜间看管空房子的人。You should inform the caretakers of the changes to the alarm system.你应该让守夜的人知道改变警报系统的事。
　　4. A　steadily:稳定地。在此句中有“稳步地，不断地”的意思，与continuously（不断地）意思相近。The volcano has been erupting continuously since March.这座火山自三月起一直在不断地喷发。quickly:迅速地。The boss wants us to finish the project more quickly than before.老板要我们比以前更快地完成这个项目。excessively:过度地；过量地。He laughed excessively, making us question his sincerity.他笑得太过分了，使我们怀疑他的真诚。exceptionally:例外地。This October has been exceptionally wet.今年十月雨下得出奇地多。
　　5. D　remedy:治疗；补救。与cure（治疗）是近义词。Herbal medicine can be used to cure sleeplessness.草药可用来治疗失眠。disrupt:破坏；分裂。They made several attempts to disrupt our meetings.他们屡次谋略破坏我们的集会。diagnose:诊断。Routine tests will diagnose the condition accurately.常规检查会准确地诊断病情。evaporate:蒸发；使脱水。Heat evaporates water.热使水蒸发。
　　6. B　draft:起草，设计。与formulate（制定）意思相近。We will formulate a policy that will promote rather than hinder peace.我们将制定一项促进和平而不是阻碍和平的政策。clarify:澄清。The committee asked him to clarify his points.委员会要他澄清他的观点。revise:修改，修订。Professor Jones twice asked Tom to revise his essay.琼斯教授两次要汤姆修改他的文章。contribute:作贡献；起作用。Exchange of ideas contributes greatly to mutual understanding.交换看法有助于相互了解。
　　7. B　practically:几乎。与almost（几乎）是同义词。In Oxford Street you can buy almost anything.在牛津街你差不多什么都可以买到。simultaneously:同时地。She holds both views simultaneously.她同时持有这两种观点。absolutely:绝对地。Curing cancer to the current medical knowledge is absolutely impossible.就目前的医学知识来说，治愈癌症绝对不可能。basically:基本地。What he told the investigating committee was basically true.他对调查委员会所说的话基本属实。
　　8. C　occasionally与sometimes意思相近：有时，偶尔。I drink coffee only occasionally.我只是偶尔才喝咖啡。regularly:定期地，有规律地。The doctor told him to check his blood pressure regularly.夫要他定期地检查血压。accidentally:意外地，偶然地。I accidentally found the book I had been looking for.我偶然碰到我一直想要的书。successfully: 成功地。We have completed the experiment successfully.我们成功地做完了实验。
　　9. D　try跟test意思相近：试，尝试。We are not ready to test the new design yet.我们尚未做好对新设计进行试验的准备。grow:成长；生长。It is a very peculiar experience to see one's child grow.看着孩子长，有一种独特的感受。wrap:包；包裹。He told the shop assistant not to wrap it yet; he wanted to examine it more closely.他告诉售货员先不要包起来，他要仔细看看。hide:藏；隐藏。He told the boss that he had nothing to hide.他对老板说他没有什么可隐瞒的。
　　10. B　rarely:很少，不常。seldom:很少，不常。She seldom showed her feelings.她很少流露她的感情。rarely and seldom是否定副词。放在句首时引起倒装。Rarely（or Seldom）have I heard such beautiful singing.我很少听到这么优美的歌声。continuously:连续不断地。The river flows continuously along the frontier of the country.这条河沿着国家的边境绵绵不断地流着。usually:通常。Influenza usually breaks out in winter.流感常见于冬天。
　　11. A　readily:乐意地；迅速地。willingly:乐意地。If you don't come willingly, I shall have to use force.如果你不是心甘情愿地来的话，我将不得不诉诸武力。suddenly:突然。Her expression suddenly altered.她的表情突然变了。firmly:坚固地，坚定地。The front door is locked and all the windows are firmly shut.前门锁着，并且所有的窗户都关得死死的。quickly:迅速地。Her heart began to beat very quickly.她的心脏开始非常迅速地跳动。
　　12. A　extract:取出；拔出。take out:取出；拔出。The dentist took out five of Mary's teeth.牙医拔掉了玛丽的五颗牙。repair:补。The garage charged me forty dollars to repair the car.修车厂要了我40美元修车费。pull:拉。The horse is pulling a cart.马拉着车。pull out:拔。The dentist pulled out all her bad teeth.牙医拔掉了她所有的坏牙。dig:挖掘。We shall have to dig through the mountains to lay this pipe.为了铺设这条管道，我们得挖通这座山。
　　13. D　shine:照亮，发光。polish:擦亮。Each morning he shaves and polishes his shoes.每天早晨，他都刮脸，擦鞋。They need to polish their English.他们需要提高英语水平。lighten:发亮，照亮。The sky lightened after the rain ended.雨过晴天。clean:清除。He cleaned the dirt off the coat.他擦掉了外套上的污垢。wash:洗。He washed the dirt off the coat.他把外套上的污垢洗掉了。
　　14. A　decent:正派的。honest:诚实；正派。He is honest and never tells lies.他是个从不说谎的老实人。rich:富。One of their aims in life is to get rich.他们生活中的一个目标是致富。good-looking:漂亮。Mary noticed John because he was good-looking.约翰相貌英俊，引起了玛丽的注意。high-ranking:地位高的。He is a high-ranking army officer.他是一位高级陆军军官。
　　15. C　deadly:致命的。fatal:致命的。His illness was fatal to our plans, i.e., cause them to fail.他生病后我们的计划就落空了。contagious:传染性的。Chicken pox is a contagious disease.水痘是一种传染病。serious:严重的。Doctors said that his conditions were serious but stable.医生说他的情况严重但还稳定。worrying:令人担心的。His conditions are worrying to us.他的情况令我们担忧。
　　词汇学习4：
　　1. A　insist on:坚持。与demand（要求：强求）意思比较接近。The Labour Party has demanded an explanation from the government.工党已要求政府作出解释。rely on:依靠。We have to rely on him for the tickets.我们不得不靠他搞票。prepare for:为……做准备。I have been preparing for the final exam.我一直在准备期末考试。create:产生；创建。His work created enormous interest in England.他的作品在英格兰引起很关注。
　　2. D　damaging:有损害的。与harmful（有害的）意思相近。The rays of the sun, in excess, can be very harmful.过量的阳光可能会非常有害。slight:少许。He has a slight German accent.他有一点德国口音。surprising:令人吃惊的。It was surprising that the little girl could answer this question.小女孩能回答这个问题，令人吃惊。sudden:突然的。There was a sudden drop in the temperature last night.昨夜气温突然下降。
　　3. B　seldom:很少；不常。与rarely（难得；不常）意思相近。I rarely get up early on Sundays.星期天我很少早起。crudely:粗糙地；粗野地。Everyone was dressed in crudely sewn shorts and shirts.人人都穿着缝制得很粗糙的短裤和衬衫。originally:原来；创造性地：I stayed longer than I had originally planned.我逗留的时间比原来计划的要长。symbolically:象征性地：The park was decorated symbolically.公园只是象征性地装点了一下。
　　4. A　spped:速度。与velocity（速度；快速）的意思相近。Scientists spent years studying the velocity of light.科学家们花了许多年研究光速。impulse:冲动。On impulse, I went into the shop and bought this expensive watch.在一时冲动下，我走进商店，买下了这块昂贵的手表。ratio:比，比率。The ratio of pupils to teachers is 30 to 1.学生与教师之间的比例是30比1.atrocity:暴行。They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities.他们犯有最野蛮、最不人道的暴行。
　　5. A　physician:内科夫。doctor:夫。professor:教授。physicist:物理学家。resident:居民。
　　6. C　particularly和especially意思近似，表示“特别，尤其”。I like the country, especially in spring.尤其是春天，我特别喜欢农村。conventionally:传统地，常规地。People in the countryside still wear their hair short and dress conventionally.乡下人仍然留短发，穿传统的服装。obviously:明显地。inevitably:不可避免地。
　　7. D　safe和secure意思相近：安全的。She believes that her position is quite secure.她相信她的岗位是相当稳固的。clean:干净的。pretty:漂亮的。distant:远处的。
　　8. B　branch和division意思相近：分支，分支机构。He's in charge of the State Department's African Affairs Division.他管国务院（美国）非洲事务部。unity:整体，联合。embassy:使馆。invasion:入侵，侵略。
　　9. D　abnormal:不正常的。unusual:不平常的。He is a scholar of unusual ability.他是个有非凡才能的学者。bad:坏的，不好的。Smoking is certainly bad for your health.抽烟有害你的健康。frightening:惊吓的。It was a very frightening experience but every one of us was courageous.这是一个令人害怕的经历，不过，我们每个人都很勇敢。repeated:重复性的。John apparently did not return the money, despite repeated reminders.尽管不断给约翰送去催单，显然他还没有还钱。
　　10. B　abundant:量的，丰富的。plentiful:丰富的。Fish is plentiful in the lake.湖中有量的鱼。steady:平稳的，持续的。A student doesn't have a steady income.学生没有固定收入。extra:额外的。You'll get extra pay for extra work.额外的工作，我们付额外的报酬。meager:很少，不足。Their food supply is meager.他们食品供应短缺。
　　11. A　accelerate:加快。step up:加快。Security is being stepped up to deal with the increase in violence.为了对付日益增长的暴力事件，安全工作正在加快。decrease:降低。Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year.人口正在以每年1.4%的速度下降。stop:停止。Her heart stopped three times.她的心脏三次停止跳动。control:控制。The federal government tried to control rising health-care cost.联邦政府谋略控制日益增长的医疗费用。
　　12. C　accumulate:积累，积聚。collect:收集；积聚。Dust collected on the furniture.家具上积了灰尘。increase:增加。Japan's industrial production increased by 20% last year.去年日本工业生产增长了20%.spread:展开；蔓延。Fire spread rapidly after a chemical truck exploded.一辆装载化学物品的卡车爆炸后，火势迅速蔓延。grow:增长；长满。The path grew with weeds.小径长满了野草。
　　13. A　allocate:分配；分派。assign:分配；指派。The company commander assigned me to stand guard.连长派我去站岗。persuade:劝说。They were eventually persuaded by the police to give themselves up.警察最终成功地说服了他们去投案自首。ask:请求。We asked her to sing.我们请求她唱歌。order:命令。The police ordered them to wait right there.警察命令他们就在那儿等着。
　　14. B　childish:幼稚。immature:不成熟的。She is emotionally immature.她在情感上尚不成熟。simple:简单的。He lives a very simple life for a man who has become incredibly rich.对于一个已经令人难以置信的富裕的人来说，他的生活是极其简单的。beautiful:美丽。She is a very beautiful woman.她是一个非常美丽的女人。foolish:傻。She is being very foolish about it.在这件事上她很傻。注意该句和下句的区别：She is very foolish.她很傻。用一般现在时，说明傻是她的特征；用现在进行体，说明她在某个具体事情上犯傻，傻并非她的本质。
　　15. B　barren:贫瘠。bare:赤裸的，光秃的。That probably is the most bare and inhospitable island I've ever seen.那可能是我见过的最荒凉的、最不宜居住的岛屿了。hairless:没有毛发的。His body is smooth and hairless.他的躯体光溜溜的，并且不长毛。empty:空。The room is bare and empty.房间空荡荡的。bald:秃的。She is going bald.她日渐秃顶。