A. communication B. shaping
C. expression D. generation
25. The examples of allusions from history are ______. ( )
A. a Trojan horse B. Marathon
C. Waterloo D. an Uncle Tom
26. Which of the following are examples of metaphorical expressions in daily conversations? ( )
A. Pop looked so unhappy, almost like a child who has lost his piece of candy.
B. What he said left a bad taste in my mouth.
C. He is a father of modern biology.
D. Here is an idea that I’d like to plant in your mind.
27. Honorifics are very often used to show ______ to one’s interlocutors no matter whether they are of higher social status. ( )
A. contempt B. respect
C. politeness D. jealousy
28. Which of the following are related to the speaking style? ( )
A. Frozen B. Formal
C. Casual D. Intimate
29. Which of the following English brand names are coinages? ( )
A. Trane B. Playtex
C. Pierre D. Cartan
30. Body language includes such meaning representing devices as ( ).
A. artifacts B. gestures
C. dress D. facial expressions
Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)
31. The statement “Languages differ not so much as to what can be said in them, but rather as to what it is relatively easy to say in them.” shows that language influences________.
32. The kinship terms “brother”, “sister”, and others show that ________of the relatives of the same generation is often ignored in English.
33. English is more ________than Chinese as far as the connection between language elements within or beyond sentences is concerned.
34. In English speaking culture, it is ________for a male English speaker to compliment on females on their good looks.
35. “To hit and run” is an allusion related to________.
36. Sometimes English people will tell a white ________, when they feel it is merely more convenient or polite than telling the truth.
37. ________are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths.
38. Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of________.
39. To respond to one’s compliment, people in English speaking countries tend to say “________”.
40. Of the five categories of gestures ____________ are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society.
IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)
41. Why is it said that the relationship between language and culture is not simply that between a part and the whole?
42. What does the word “peasant” in English connote?
43. From which language is the word “cookie” borrowed?
44. What is a future-oriented society?
V. Translation. (18%)
45. Not for al! the tea in China.
46. He is a blue-collar worker.
47. If the change is a major one involving substance, I will appreciate your letting me know beforehand.
48．您有何高见?
49．他抓住我的胳膊。
50．你穿这件毛衣很好。
VI. Discuss the following topics. (20%)
51. Are “please” in English and “请” in Chinese used in the same way in communication? If they are not, what differences can you find between them?
52. It is said that the frequent use of honorifics in Chinese is associated with the traditional stratified society and a long history of civilization. Why?