一、词汇部分出题的形式以及重点和难点:
1.选择项为形近义异词
例1.From her conversation, I __________ that she had a large family.
A. deduced B. decided
C. declared D. deceived
答案:A.
解析:本句的意思是“从她的谈话中,我推断出她有一大家子人。”
Deduce推断;decide决定;declare宣布;deceive欺骗。
例2. If you ________ the speed limit, you will get into trouble with the police.
A. exclude B. exceed
C. excuse D. execute
答案:B
解析:本句的意思是“如果你超速,就会有警察找你麻烦。”
exclude 排除,拒绝; exceed 超过;excuse 原谅; execute执行,实行。
2.选择项为同义词或近义词
例1.He took his greatly _____ boat to repair.
A. damaged B. destroyed
C. wounded D. injured
答案: A
解析: damage, 动词,“损坏”,与destroy的区别在于destroy指“摧毁”,无法修复。这里由于有to repair,因为用damage比较合适。injure, 动词,“伤害”,通常指对人的容貌、健康、财产、名誉等的损害。而wound指身体受到创伤。
例2.It is _____ for a person in his position to make such a mistake.
A. rare B. less
C. little D. few
答案: A
解析: rare: 此处的意思是:罕见的。本句的意思是:“一个处在他这样位置的人难得犯这种错误。”其他三个词不符题意。
又如:
Problems will__________ if you do it this way.
A. rise B. arise
C. raise D. arouse
答案:B
Tom ______more than twenty pounds for the dictionary.
A. spent B. pay
C. cost D. took
答案: A
3.选择项为词义完全不同的词
例1:He was fully ____ of his own shortcomings.
A. sensitive B. sensible
C. serious D. sincere
答案:B
解析:本句的意思是“他很清楚自己的缺点。”
Sensitive敏锐的; sensible 知道的,觉悟的;serious 严重的; sincere真诚的。
例2:When she heard the bad news, she _____ completely.
A. broke away B. broke up
C. broke down D. broke out
答案: C
解析: break down: 禁不住痛哭,(身体,精神)垮了. Break out: 爆发,突然发生。Break up: 打破,打碎。Break away: 断绝关系。
4.选择项为短语动词
例1.His business is growing so fast that he must____ more workers.
A. take up B. take on
C. take over D. take out
答案:B
解析:本句的意思是“他的生意拓展很快,他必须雇佣更多的工人。”
take up 从事; take on 雇佣; take over代替; take out 去除。
例2.I have to ______ my visit as I'll be very busy next week.
A. call for B. call on
C. call off D. call in
答案:C
解析:本句的意思是“下周我会很忙,所以不得不取消访问。”
call for请求;call on号召,访问;call off取消;call in请,来访。
5.选择项为固定搭配
例I believe that every crime, __________ the circumstance, should be severely punished.
A. in spite of B. because of
C. instead of D. on account of
答案:A
解析:本句的意思是“我认为不论何种犯罪都应予严惩。”
in spite of 不论; because of 因为; instead of 代替; on account of因为。
又如Rubber differs from plastics __________ it is produced naturally.
A. at that B. in that
C. for that D. with that
解析:本句的意思是“橡胶与塑料不同,因为它是天然产品。”in that因为。答案:B
一、词汇题的答题技巧
1.选用表示增加递进关系的词为线索:
这些词常见的有: besides, moreover(在什么基础上还,更有甚者,而且……), furthermore(与moreover同义), but, in addition,again(再,又), and, also, too。
例: _____ the last one, I answered all the questions.
A. Except B. Except for C. Besides D. In addition to
答案: B
解析: Except for: 指对结论的修正.如:本句的意思“我回答了所有的问题,除了最后一个”。因此,“except for the last one”是对前一句的修正。Except:除了……外. In addition to 除了……(包括).
2.利用表示比较或对比关系的词为线索:
这些词常见的有: but, however, although, in contrast(比较而言,相比较之下,常用于两件对立的事实,指出其间的差异处), instead of.
例: I work hard like a dog, _____ I have little salary every month.
A. so B. but C. and D. furthermore
答案: B
解析: 本句意思是:我工作特别刻苦,但是我的薪水却很少!应该选择but。其他的几个词是指递进或是并列的关系.
3.利用表示因果生态系统的词为线索:
这些词常见的有:because(因为), as(由于,因为), since(既然), for(由于), as a result(结果,因此), thus(如此,这样;因而,从而), therefore(由此,因此).
例: He is a very _____ person because he has done a lot of good things for the local people.
A. respectable. B. respectful. C. respective. D. respecting
答案: A
解析: 这句话的意思是:他是一个很受尊敬的人,因为他为当地人们做了许多好事。respectable可敬的,高尚的;respectful充满敬意的,有礼貌的;respective 各自的,各个的;respecting是respect的分词形式。
二、语法结构部分应试技巧
1、注意在句子中寻找线索:
例1: When I went to visit Mrs.Smith last week, I was told she _____ two days before.
A. has left B. was leaving
C. would leave D. had left
答案: D
解析: 这句话的意思是: 我上一周去拜访史密斯小姐的时候,被告诉她两天前离开了。注意前句中的时间线索,知道这个消息时是上一周,而史密斯小姐是在此之前离开的,也就是“离开”这动作发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时。
例2: Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the company ___.
A.has been accepted. B. have been accepted.
C.was accepted. D. were accepted.
答案: C
解析: 这句话的意思是: 在那家公司曾求职的两个年轻人都没有被录用.
2. 如果题目是由两句话组成,其中必有一句是为答题提供线索的:
例Don’t tell her the answer. Let her do the exercise _____ .
A. she B. her C. herself D. itself
答案: C
解析: 这句话的意思是: 不要告诉她答案,让她自己做练习.
3.注意及物和不及物的区别,注意主、被动关系。
例: “The ceremony has already started.”“look! The flag is _____ now.”
A. being raised B. risen
C. being rose D. raising
答案: A
解析: 这句话的意思是: “仪式已经开始了.” “看, 现在旗正在升起.”
look,信号词,进行时态.旗正在被升起来,应当排除B,D. 注意rise和raise区别: 前者是不及物动词,不能用被动时态.而后者是及物动词,可以用被动语态.故A正确.
4.注意区分一个句子中的主要动词与次要动词:
例1: Three people, _____ ,were injured in the accident.
A. including a child B. include a child
C. included a child D. includes a child
答案: A
解析:这句话的意思是: 三个人在那次事故中受伤了,其中包括一个孩子.注意:句子谓语动词唯一性.这句的谓语动词是injured, 这里include是一个分词结构,表示一种从属状语. Included,本句的主语是人,是一种主动关系,所以不能用过去分词形式.
例2: _____ I saw was two men crossing the street.
A. What B. Whom
C. Who D. That
答案: A
解析: 这句话的意思是:我看到的是两个男人穿过街道。这句话的主要动词是was,而不是saw那么我们选A,为什么不选择B呢?如果选择B,那么后面一定要说清楚是张三还是李四。
5. 注意某些信号词的辨认:
这些信号词常见的有: for, otherwise, or.
例1: I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.
A. would have had B. could have had
C. should have had D. must have had
答案: D
解析: 我相信他一定是出了交通事故了,否则的话他该到了。Otherwise 信号词。
例2: Something must have happened on their way here. Or they _____ by now.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. would have arrived D. would arrive
答案: C
解析: Or,信号词。我相信他一定在路上出了什么事儿了,否则的话现在他该到了。