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　　5.1在主语和谓语之间插入一些说明的成分;多了一些名词

　　In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn.

　　①so as to marry

　　②so that he could marry

　　正确;①的话前面有两个名词主语;Henry和Queen Catherine;这样会使大家对后面的动词marry，到底是谁发出了这个动作产生一定的困惑

　　5.2前置短语：在主语之前放了一些修饰成分

　　EG: (When the auditors left), the executive (who had ben interviewed was glad)

　　提示： 从句始终只是句子中辅助的成分，类似形容词，名词和副词在句子中起的是minor的意思，并不能影响句子的主干;影响句子的主干依旧只是 名词 动词 代词和动词

　　6.表达简洁

　　6.1 主动优于被动

　　A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought.

　　① Claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought

　　② Claims suggesting the economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts

　　A 正确;as weak as some analysts previously thought 比 as weak as previously thought by some analyst 好; 表述清晰，简洁;

　　The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."

　　① Crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is

　　② Stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is

　　although the air that forms them is moving rapidly 比 although they are formed by rapidly moving air 好 主动的意思表达更清晰

　　6.2 能用名词的地方用名词，能用动词的地方用动词

　　A twenty-one ceramic dog figurines were discovered during the excavating of a 1000-year old Holokam village in Tempe, Arizona, has nearly doubled the number of these artifacts known to exist. a. Discovering twenty-one ceramic dog figurines at the excavating

　　b. The discovery of twenty-one ceramic dog figurines during the excavation.

　　B正确，用了名词;A错误，因为动名词带有动词的属性，他无法解释是谁发出了这个动作。名词更加清晰简洁。

　　Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the

　　extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.

　　A. was a well-established method of mineral extraction

　　B. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

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　　a正确; b的同样问题，extracting的动作发起者同样无法确定

　　7.一些词语单复数的用法

　　7.1Number的用法小结

　　几种用法之间区别：非核心词与核心词;number的意义;number与相关成分的单复数一致关系。

　　a number of / numbers of + 可数名词复数 + 动词复数

　　可以理解为量词结构，a number of表示一些，numbers of表示大量，of后面的复数名词才是核心词，谓语动词因此总是复数

　　Many students arrived early, but only a number of them worked on their exercises.

　　The lake produces a good number of (=a lot of) salmon each season. Numbers of birds fly across the lake.

　　另外：any number of 用于非正式场合，表示大量

　　There could be any number of (=many) reasons why she's late.

　　It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other at close range.

　　When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970’s, it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an “Andromeda strain,” a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and kill vast numbers of human who would have no natural defenses against it.

　　the number of + 可数名词复数 + 动词单数: number是核心词，可以被具体的一个数字表示 可数物品累积起来的数量, 可数名词需用复数形式

　　这时number是核心词，可以被具体化为一个数字，如50或者100，谓语动词因此总是单数

　　The number of students who participated the interview was 100.

　　Today’s case brings the number of successful prosecutions in the region to thirty-four.

　　[这里有个疑问有待考证：是否可以从例子派生出The numbers of girl and boy students are respectively 30 and 70? 如果可以，则规则为：the number(s) of + n.(总是复数) + v.(单数或者复数-取决于number的形式)]。 A Labor Department study states that the number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.

　　Los Angeles has a higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than does any other large city.

　　有人问为什么不选(D) higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than do other large cities(C). ETS：the plural numbers is incorrect in that there is only a single number of such dwellings.

　　这题是什么时候用单数，什么时候用复数number的好例证：ETS的意思是，因为人均住房面积只用一个数值就可以表示了，例如20平方米/人，即number 就是这个数，所以number 和对应谓语动词都用单数。另外，比较级higher表示将LA的number 和其他城市相应的number相比：one number is larger/greater/higher than the other number.

　　numbers作为核心词，表示可以被具体化的几个数